基于知信行理论的健康教育对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的自我效能和生活质量的影响

Influence of IKAP based health education on self-efficacy and quality of life of patients suffered with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

目的探讨基于知信行理论(IKAP)的健康教育对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者的自我效能和生活质量的影响。方法选取2019年2月—2020年4月本院收治的84例COPD患者作为观察对象,采用随机数表法分为常规护理组和健康教育组两组,每组各42例。常规护理组患者干预方案为常规护理,健康教育组患者干预方案为基于IKAP理论的健康教育,均持续护理6周。统计分析两组自我效能感及生活质量。结果干预6周后,健康教育组的安全行为(3.46±0.60)分、负性情绪(3.68±0.82)分以及体力活动(3.21±0.79)分,均高于常规护理组的(2.18±0.65)分、(2.27±0.43)分和(2.38±0.59)分;健康教育组的疾病影响(15.31±1.89)分、躯体功能(30.62±3.59)分以及疾病症状(25.24±2.69)分,均高于常规护理组的(26.32±2.14)分、(43.87±3.71)分和(31.94±2.82)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于IKAP理论的健康教育能够有效提高COPD患者自我效能,改善患者生活质量,值得推广。

Objective To explore the influence of information-knowledge-attitude-practice(IKAP)based health education on self-efficacy and quality of life of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods 84 COPD patients admitted to our hospital from February 2019 to April 2020 were selected as observation objects.They were divided into routine nursing group and health education group according to random digital table method,with 42 cases in each group.The intervention program for the patients in the routine nursing group was routine care,and the patient intervention program in the health education group was a health education based on IKAP theory,interventions in both groups continuous for 6 weeks.Self-efficacy and quality of life of the two groups were statistically analyzed.Results 6 weeks after the intervention,scores of safety behavior(3.46±0.60)points,negative emotions(3.68±0.82)points,and physical activity(3.21±0.79)points in the health education group were higher than the(2.18±0.65)points,(2.27±0.43)points and(2.38±0.59)points of the conventional nursing group.The scores of disease impact(15.31±1.89)points,somatic function(30.62±3.59)points,and disease symptoms(25.24±2.69)of the health education group were higher than(26.32±2.14)points,(43.87±3.71)points,and(31.94±2.82)points of the regular care group,all the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions IKAP theory based health education could improve self-efficacy and quality of life of patients with COPD.It is worth of promotion.