RNA m^(6)A修饰在肺部疾病中的研究进展

Progress in role of RNA m^(6)A modification in lung diseases

N^(6)-甲基腺苷(N^(6)-methyladenosine,m^(6)A)修饰是指RNA中腺苷的第6位氮原子处发生的甲基化修饰。在已发现的RNA修饰中,m^(6)A修饰被认为是真核生物mRNA中最常见的修饰类型。此外,这种甲基化修饰也可发生在rRNA、tRNA、miRNA、circRNA和lncRNA[1]。

N^(6)-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)modification is the most abundant type of RNA modification in eukaryotic cells and involves multiple types of RNA.The methyltransferase complex is made up of methyltransferase-like(METTL)3,METTL14 and Wilms'tumor 1-associated protein(WTAP).Fat mass-and obesity-associated protein(FTO)and ALKB homolog 5(ALKBH5)remove methylation.The YT521-B homology(YTH)domain-containing protein family,heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins(hnRNPs)and insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding proteins(IGF2BPs)serve as m^(6)A-binding proteins.The biological function of m^(6)A modification is dynamically and reversibly mediated by methyltransferases,demethylases and m^(6)A-binding proteins,which plays a key role in splicing,translation,degradation and stability of RNA.In recent years,a number of studies have identified that abnormal m^(6)A modification in lung diseases,including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,pulmonary hypertension,lung cancer,etc.These modifications display an pathogenic role in certain lung diseases,whereas they exhibit a suppressor role in other lung diseases.This article aims to summarize the latest progress in role of m^(6)A modification in lung diseases to deduce the potential mechanisms and give a perspective on its prospective applications in lung diseases.