镜像等效或守恒及其打破:从行为到认知神经机制的研究证据

Mirror equivalence or invariance and its breaking:Evidence from behavioral to cognitive neural mechanism

镜像等效或守恒是动物与人类个体对两侧对称自然物体的一种进化自适应加工。但是,这种知觉特性会妨碍包含镜像字符的文字阅读学习。阅读者有必要学会利用镜像泛化抑制的“去学习”机制,打破镜像等效或守恒,以获得识别镜像字符的能力。这一过程中,左侧梭状回皮层通过与早期视觉皮层、顶叶皮层和口语脑网络的交互作用,逐渐发展出一个可以识别镜像字符的视觉词形区(visual word form area,VWFA)。今后的研究需要关注两半球及其连合纤维在镜像等效或守恒加工中的作用、镜像泛化与抑制的详尽加工机制及其对镜像书写的影响、正常汉语儿童的汉字镜像泛化加工等问题。

Mirror equivalence or invariance is an adaptive processing of animal and human individuals on the bilateral symmetry of natural objects,but it could also hinder learning to read the script containing mirror-image characters.It is necessary for readers to learn to use the inhibitory mechanism on mirror generalization,so as to break the mirror equivalence or invariance and acquire the ability to identify the mirror characters.In this process,the left fusiform gyrus cortex gradually develops into VWFA capable of recognizing mirror characters by interacting with the early visual cortex,the parietal cortex and the brain network of spoken language.Future research needs to focus on some important issues,such as the role of two hemispheres and commissural fibers on the mirror equivalence or invariance processing,the detailed processing mechanism of mirror generalization and inhibition and its influence on mirror writing,and the mirror generalization processing of Chinese characters in normal Chinese children.