我国环保约谈功能机制的反思与重构

Reflection and Reconstruction of the Mechanism ofEnvironmental Verbal Warning

环保约谈蕴含着命令型和协商型两类功能机制。命令型环保约谈的压力机制、责任机制、监督机制虽然契合环境规制面临的体制性、机制性和制度性困境,但容易导致“一刀切、运动式执法、权力俘获和数据造假”等负面后果。基于对协商型环保约谈的风险预防机制、商谈沟通机制、多元共治机制的应然分析,反思命令型环保约谈存在的保障机制不完善、共治机制不健全、程序机制不规范等制度缺陷。健全以明确环保约谈启动条件、推动环保约谈信息公开、创新环保约谈参与机制为内容的保障性机制,建构以环保社会组织、环境专家、公众及媒体等为主体的共治性机制,规范以环保约谈的系统性程序、协商性程序和救济性程序为核心的程序性机制。

Environmental verbal warning contains two kinds of action mechanisms:command type and negotiation type.Although the pressure mechanism,responsibility mechanism and supervision mechanism fit in with the institutional difficulties faced by the environmental regulation,it is easy to lead to negative consequences such as‘one size fits all,mobile law enforcement,power capture and data fraud’.Based on the analysis of the risk prevention mechanism,negotiation communication mechanism and multiple regulation mechanism of negotiation,this paper reflects on the defects of the system,such as imperfect guarantee mechanism,imperfect co-governance mechanism and non-standard procedure mechanism,etc.the content of the improvement is to define the starting conditions of environmental verbal warning,promote the publicity of environmental verbal warning information and innovate the participation mechanism of environmental verbal warning.We will improve the co-governance mechanism with environmental protection social organizations,environmental experts,the public and the media,and standardize the procedural mechanism with systematic,consultative and remedial procedures as the core.