结构刺激与认知差异:澳大利亚对台政策的变量研究

Structural Stimulus and Cognitive Differences:A Study on Variables of Australia’s Taiwan Policy

结构主义与行为主义是国家对外决策理论的两大主要思想流派,澳大利亚对台政策也深受这两大理论思潮的影响。从结构变量上看,美国在亚太地区的战略利益挟持了澳大利亚的对外政策,使澳大利亚在安全上依附美国,限缩了对台政策的自主空间;随着中国经济与政治影响力的提升,澳大利亚无法放弃中国市场,在对台政策上也必须考虑中国的立场。从认知变量上看,澳大利亚国内存在着发展对台"实质关系"与对台"战略自主"两种截然不同的政策主张。受外部结构刺激和内部认知差异的影响与约束,澳大利亚难以形成目标趋同的对台政策。将结构与认知理论运用于分析澳大利亚的对台政策,有助于掌握不同单元结构下澳大利亚对台政策的形成机制,揭示差异化认知下澳大利亚对台政策的形成过程。

Structuralism and Behaviorism are the two main schools of thought in the country’s foreign policy-making theory.Australia’s Taiwan policy is also deeply influenced and dominated by these two theoretical trends.From the perspective of structural variables,the strategic interests of the United States in the Asia-Pacific region have hijacked Australia’s foreign policy,making Australia dependent on the United States for security,limiting the space for independence in its Taiwan policy;As China’s economic and political influence has increased,Australia cannot abandon the Chinese market,China’s position must also be considered in its Taiwan policy.From the perspective of cognitive variables,there are two completely different policy propositions in Australia for developing a“substantial relationship”with Taiwan and a“strategic autonomy”with Taiwan.Affected and restricted by external structural stimuli and internal cognitive differences,it is difficult for Australia to form a Taiwan policy with the same goal.Applying the theory of structure and cognition to analyze Australia’s Taiwan policy will help to grasp the formation mechanism of Australia’s Taiwan policy under different unit structures,and reveal the formation process of Australia’s Taiwan policy under differentiated cognition.