柔性多孔硅橡胶负载纳米CuS的太阳能蒸发性能研究

Flexible Porous Polydimethylsiloxane Supported Nano Copper Sulfide for Efficient Solar Evaporation

界面太阳能蒸发是一种高效、低成本的水净化技术,光热转换材料、微观结构热管理是实现高效太阳能驱动蒸汽产生的关键。聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)是一种环保且结构可灵活设计的柔性硅橡胶,通过填料可有效改善硅橡胶的热导率系数。纳米硫化铜(CuS)在近红外光几乎100%吸收,是一种新型的光热转换材料。本工作以方糖为模板、纳米二氧化硅(SiO_(2))和铝粉(Al)为填料制备了多孔的SiO_(2)-PDMS/PDMS-Al双层硅橡胶,分别构建隔热、导热层,通过聚乙烯醇(PVA)将纳米CuS附着于PDMS-Al层作为光热转换材料。这种硅橡胶复合材料不仅提高了光热转换材料的亲水性,太阳光吸收率达到97.3%,在1 kW/m^(2)光照下能获得77.03%的蒸发效率,而且具有良好的循环稳定性。PDMS复合光热材料从微观结构上减少了界面太阳能蒸发过程中的热损失,对推广该技术应用于海水淡化、污水处理等具有重要的意义。

Interfacial solar evaporation is an efficient and cost-effective technology for water purification.Advanced photothermal conversion materials and micro thermal management are the key factors for efficient solar driven evaporation.The polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)is an environmentally friendly,free design and flexible rubber,whose thermal conductivity can be improved by combination of different fillers.The nano copper sulfide(CuS)is a novel photothermal conversion material with nearly 100%absorption at near infrared.Here,a double porous layer of SiO_(2)-PDMS/PDMS-Al is synthesized by the template method with the cube sugar as template,nano silicone(SiO_(2))and aluminum powder works as the thermal insulating and conductive fillers,respectively.Then the nano CuS is attached on the skeletons of the PDMS-Al layer via the polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)to form the photothermal conversion material.The unique structure of the PDMS composites not only improves the hydrophilicity,but also has excellent absorption as 97.3%.The evaporation efficiency of the PDMS composites under 1 sun(1 kW/m^(2))is 77.03%with outstan-ding cycling stability.The PDMS photothermal composites reduce the heat loss during the interfacial evaporation process based on the microstructure,which provides a new strategy in seawater desalination and sewage treatment.