食品安全风险文化批判与风险伦理责任的构建

Food Safety Risk:Culture Reflection,Ethics and Accountability

当前食品安全问题的严峻形势突显着食品安全风险文化二重性相互制约又相互转化的过程。风险文化视域下,食品安全的治理不仅需要以制度性规范为中介的风险文化发挥作用,而且需要借助以内在价值认同为中介的规避型风险文化进行反思和自省。针对我国食品安全责任主体模糊、责任评估界定较难、责任难落实的问题构建食品安全风险伦理责任:由事后追责向前瞻性治理转向的价值导向、以食品安全风险文化的价值敏感设计来完善食品安全风险的伦理评估、形成多主体参与食品安全风险伦理责任共担的自觉意识以及建立食品安全风险防范的道德自省文化,最终借助实质性的价值主义来内省食品生产经营主体的行为以实现食品安全风险的根源性防范。

The current dire situation of food safety highlights the check and transformation that characterize food safety risk culture.Contemporary society needs to reflect on food safety risks.Human beings cannot ignore the risks caused by their own behaviors.In the context of risk culture,the governance of food safety requires not only a risk culture mediated by institutional norms,but also a risk culture of avoidance mediated by intrinsic value identity.The ethical assessment of food safety risks,the formation of a consciousness of shared responsibility for food safety risks among multiple actors,and the establishment of a culture of interdisciplinary cooperation and ethical self-reflection for food safety risk prevention,will ultimately lead to an introspection of the behavior of food production and management actors through asustantive view of value in order to identify root causes for addressing food safety risks.