斑马鱼视觉损伤和视神经再生的研究进展

Research progress on visual impairment and optic nerve regeneration in zebrafish

斑马鱼因其视觉系统与人类的相似性和其视网膜再生的巨大潜能,成为目前研究眼变性疾病的热门模型。眼变性疾病特别是视网膜变性、视神经变性会严重影响视力,并且病变后再生修复十分有限,严重者甚至导致失明。与哺乳动物相反,斑马鱼能修复视神经轴突损伤,刺激视网膜Müller胶质细胞去分化为多能祖细胞,从而实现视网膜神经元及神经轴突再生,恢复正常视功能。本文主要从斑马鱼模型在眼病方面的应用,斑马鱼视网膜神经元和Müller胶质细胞响应损伤启动再生修复的关键信号通路方面作一综述。

Zebrafish has become a popular model for the study of ocular degenerative diseases due to its similarity with human visual system and its great potential of retinal regeneration.The degenerative diseases,especially retinal degeneration and optic nerve degeneration,can seriously affect visual acuity,also the regeneration and repair are very limited,which can lead to blindness in severe cases.In contrast to mammals,zebrafish can repair optic nerve axon damage and stimulate retinal Müller glial cells to differentiate into multifunctional progenitor cells,thereby,regenerating retinal neurons and nerve axons and restoring normal visual function.This review focuses on the application of zebrafish model in eye diseases and the key signaling pathways of zebrafish retinal neurons and Müller glial cells to initiate regeneration and repair in response to injury.