运动疗法干预骨质疏松症研究进展及现存问题分析

Research progress in the exercise therapy for osteoporosis and the analysis of existing problems

骨质疏松症是一种与年龄和性别有关的全身性疾病,表现特征为每单位体积的骨量减少,骨强度受损,患者容易骨折,造成生活质量降低。运动疗法相比药物疗法具有经济性、无不良反应等优势,被越来越多人所关注。然而运动疗法的疗效在实际应用过程中并没有完全凸显,主要受运动本身的特点(运动方式、运动强度)以及患者自身条件所影响。目前骨质疏松症的检测方式具有一定的不确定性,患者无法判断经过一段时间运动干预后的真正疗效,从而影响到运动参与的积极性,并且运动干预骨质疏松症的评价指标主要集中在骨密度和骨矿物质含量上,忽视了运动对于人体肌肉功能以及身体机能的影响。另外,骨质疏松症人群的机能状态存在很大差异,因此,想要达到较好的干预效果就需要根据患者特点制定最为合适的运动处方。目前,国内外对运动干预骨质疏松症存在的问题尚缺乏详细的概述,笔者就相关现存问题进行归纳总结,给出建议以供参考,旨在提高运动疗法干预骨质疏松症的效果。

Osteoporosis is a systemic disease related to age and sex,characterized by reduced bone mass per unit volume,impaired bone strength,susceptibility to fractures,and reduced quality of life.Compared to drug therapy,exercise therapy has advantages such as economy and no side effect.More and more people pay attention to it.However,the therapeutic effect of exercise therapy has not been fully highlighted in the practical application process,which is mainly affected by the characteristics of exercise itself(exercise mode,exercise intensity)and patients'own conditions.Methods used for the detection of osteoporosis has certain uncertainty.Patients could not judge the real curative effect after a period of time of exercise intervention,so as to affect the enthusiasm of sports participation.The evaluation of exercise intervention for osteoporosis mainly concentrates on bone mineral density and bone mineral content.Muscle function and the influence of body function are ignored.In addition,there are great differences in the functional status of osteoporosis patients.Therefore,to achieve a better intervention effect,it is necessary to develop the most appropriate exercise prescription according to the characteristics of patients.At present,there is a lack of detailed overview of the problems of exercise intervention in osteoporosis at home and abroad.The authors summarize the existing problems and provide suggestions for reference,in order to improve the effect of exercise therapy intervention for osteoporosis.