贵州省栽培食用菌重金属含量的测定及健康风险评价

Determination of heavy metal content and health risk assessment of cultivated edible fungus in Guizhou province

测定了贵州省5种栽培食用菌中铅、砷、汞、镉、铬5种重金属含量,利用内梅罗综合污染指数评价食用菌重金属污染程度,利用目标危害系数对贵州省5种食用菌膳食摄入风险进行评估。结果表明,5种食用菌中重金属含量分别为铅:未检出~0.68 mg/kg、砷:未检出~0.76 mg/kg、汞:未检出~0.56 mg/kg、镉:未检出~1.3 mg/kg、铬:未检出~1.4 mg/kg,大部分重金属含量均低于国家标准中安全限量值,铅、砷、汞、镉、铬5种重金属的超标率分别为0.0%、0.59%、11.0%、0.29%、2.08%。食用菌重金属内梅罗综合污染指数表明,羊肚菌中镉污染指数较高,达到中度污染级别,其综合因子污染指数达到轻度污染级别。其他4种食用菌均属于安全等级。重金属膳食暴露风险结果表明,香菇、平菇、木耳3种食用菌的重金属膳食摄入风险较低;羊肚菌和竹荪2种食用菌的总目标危害系数值均>1.00,这2种食用菌存在一定的重金属膳食摄入风险。

The contents of lead(Pb),arsenic(As),mercury(Hg),cadmium(Cd)and chromium(Cr)in five cultivated edible fungi in Guizhou province were determined,and the Nemeiro comprehensive pollution index was used to evaluate the heavy metals in edible fungi.And the target hazard quotients was used to study the dietary intake risk of 5 edible fungi in Guizhou province.The results showed that the range of heavy metal content in the five edible fungi were:lead,ND-0.68 mg/kg;arsenic,ND-0.76 mg/kg;mercury,ND-0.56 mg/kg;cadmium,ND-1.3mg/kg;chromium,ND-1.4mg/kg.Most of the heavy metal content were lower than national standard,and the five heavy metals of lead,arsenic,mercury,cadmium,and chromium were 0.0%,0.59%,2.09%,8.81%,0.19%respectively.Moreover,the heavy metal Nemero comprehensive pollution index showed that the cadmium pollution index in Morchella was high whcih reaching a moderate pollution level,and its comprehensive factor pollution index reaching a light pollution level.The other 4 kinds of edible fungi were in the safety level.The results of dietary exposure risk of heavy metals showed that the dietary risk of heavy metals in the three edible fungi of shiitake,Pleurotus ostreatus,and Fungus was low.The TTHQ values of the two edible fungi of morel and bamboo fungus were both greater than 1.00,and these two edible fungi had certain dietary intake risk of heavy metals.