中国制造业全球价值链动态演进与双循环价值链构建

Dynamic Evolution of China Manufacturing Industry’s Global Value Chain and Construction of Dual Circulation Value Chain

基于世界投入产出数据库,运用增加值贸易分解方法,测算了2000—2014年中国制造业参与全球价值链的程度、位置和国际竞争力,并从细分行业和国际对比角度进行比较分析,结果发现:中国制造业主要以后向参与方式参与国际分工,前向后向参与度在中国入世后持续增加;中国制造业虽然整体还处于全球价值链低端,但已具备“制造强国”的特征,在全球分工网络中处于中心枢纽的关键节点;劳动密集型制造业新显性比较优势指数持续处于“高位”,资本密集型制造业出现突破“弱比较劣势”的临界水平向更高阶段发展。在构建国内价值链的微观基础上,打造以我为中心的新型价值链,凭借中心枢纽优势,在更高水平上融入全球创新链,是中国制造业升级的未来方向。

Based on the world input-output database and by using the value-added trade decomposition method,this study measures and calculates the degree,position and international competitiveness of China manufacturing industry participating in the global value chain from 2000 to 2014,and conducts a comparative analysis from the perspective of industry segmentation and international comparison.The results show that a.China manufacturing industry mainly participates in the international labor division in the form of backward participation,and the degree of forward and backward participation continues to increase after China’s entry into the WTO;b.Although still at the low end of the global value chain as a whole,China manufacturing industry has the characteristics of“manufacturing power”as the key node of the central hub in the global labor division network;and c.The new dominant comparative advantage index of labor-intensive manufacturing industry continues to be at a“high level”while the capital-intensive manufacturing industry breaks through the critical level of“weak comparative disadvantage”and develops to a higher stage.It is the future direction of upgrading China manufacturing industry to build a new self-centered value chain on the micro basis of building the domestic value chain,and integrate into the global innovation chain at a higher level with the advantages of central hub.