基于综合权重分析的西洋参药材等级质量标准研究

Study on Quality Grading Standard of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix Based on Comprehensive Weight Analysis

目的:建立基于数学模型的综合权重分析方法,评价西洋参的等级质量。方法:基于《中华人民共和国药典》(以下简称《中国药典》)2015年版西洋参质量标准,并参照道地产地加拿大、美国产西洋参,建立特征图谱、优化含量测定方法,考察西洋参16个定性、定量指标,包括产地,栽培年限,表面颜色,单支主根长度,单支主根质量,气味,醇溶性浸出物,水溶性浸出物,特征图谱相似度,人参皂苷Rg_(1)、人参皂苷Re、人参皂苷Rb_(1)、人参皂苷Rd、拟人参皂苷F_(11)含量,5个皂苷总量,《中国药典》2015年版西洋参标准中规定的人参皂苷Rg_(1)、人参皂苷Re、人参皂苷Rb_(1)3个皂苷总量;采用SPSSAU 20.0数学统计分析软件量化质量评分,筛选与质量显著相关的指标;采用CRITIC综合权赋值法进行权重赋值,各指标的评分与权重乘积之和的综合得分作为等级划分的标准。结果:7个指标与西洋参质量评价最为相关,分别为单支主根质量、栽培年限、表面颜色、气味、特征图谱相似度、醇溶性浸出物及人参皂苷Rg_(1)、人参皂苷Rb_(1)、人参皂苷Re 3个皂苷总量,数学分析模型综合得分将西洋参划分为3个等级,等级评价结果与实际样品情形一致性较高,适用于西洋参等级评价标准的建立。结论:建立的数学模型在西洋参等级质量评价中基本反映传统西洋参的等级质量状况,评价方法简便可行,评价结果较为客观,可为制定西洋参质量等级评价标准提供参考。

Objective:The mathematical model-based comprehensive weight analysis was performed to evaluate the grade quality of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix(PQR).Methods:With reference to the quality standard of PQR in the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia and the PQR from the geo-authentic producing areas Canada and the US,fingerprints were established and content determination methods were optimized.On this basis,the 16 qualitative and quantitative indexes were investigated:6 physical indexes(origin,cultivation years,color,length and weight of single taproot,odor)and 10 chemical indexes(alcohol-soluble extract,water-soluble extract,similarity of fingerprint,ginsenoside Rg_(1),ginsenoside Re,ginsenoside Rb_(1),ginsenoside Rd,psuedoginsenoside F_(11),total content of the five ginsenosides,and the total content of ginsenoside Rg_(1),ginsenoside Re,and ginsenoside Rb_(1) that is specified in the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia).SPSSAU was used for mathematical modeling and weight analysis to screen the indexes with significant correlation to quality.CRITIC weighing approach was used to assign weight to each relevant index.The sum of the products of the score and weight of each index was employed for grading.Results:A total of 7 indexes had the closest relationship with quality evaluation,which were the weight of single taproot,cultivation years,color,odor,similarity of fingerprint,alcohol-soluble extract,total content of ginsenoside Rg_(1),ginsenoside Rb_(1),and ginsenoside Re.According to the comprehensive score yielded by the mathematical model,PQR was graded into three levels.The grading results were consistent with the actual quality levels of the samples.Thus,the model was suitable for establishing the grading standard of PQR.Conclusion:The established mathematical model can basically reflect the quality status of traditional PQR.The evaluation method is simple and feasible,and the evaluation results are relatively objective.Thus,this study provided a reliable approach for the establishment of the quality evaluation standard of Chinese medicinals.