采后晾晒过程中西洋参人参皂苷含量变化规律研究

Change Rules of Ginsenoside Content in Panax quinquefolium during Postharvest Sun-Drying Process

目的:研究采后晾晒过程中西洋参6种人参皂苷含量变化规律。方法:采用“单株切分”法研究不同干燥方法(自然晾晒、鼓风干燥和真空冷冻干燥法)和不同自然晾晒方式(整株晾晒和切片晾晒)对西洋参根部脱水速率与人参皂苷类成分含量的影响。动态检测西洋参根含水量,计算脱水速率;利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测西洋参根中人参皂苷(Rg_(1)、Re、Rb_(1)、Rd、Rh_(1)和Rb_(2))的含量;运用SPSS 17.0统计软件对实验结果进行单因素方差分析、主成分分析及聚类分析。结果:在“单株切分”法中,自然晾晒过程中西洋参根部脱水速率较慢,所需干燥周期为215.30 h,其人参皂苷类成分含量大幅升高,其中人参皂苷Rb_(1)、人参皂苷Rd含量均显著高于鼓风干燥法78.98%(P<0.05)、85.84%(P<0.05),显著高于真空冷冻干燥法30.63%(P<0.05)、140.42%(P<0.05)。整株晾晒过程中西洋参根部脱水速率缓慢,所需干燥周期为352.79 h,其人参皂苷Rg_(1)、人参皂苷Re和人参皂苷Rh_(1)含量较切片晾晒显著提高54.97%(P<0.05)、17.27%(P<0.05)、22.73%(P<0.05)。主成分分析及聚类分析结果表明,以人参皂苷Rg_(1)、人参皂苷Re和人参皂苷Rb_(1)作为主成分因子评价采后干燥处理对西洋参根中人参皂苷类成分积累的影响,真空冷冻干燥、整株晾晒和自然晾晒法聚为一类,鼓风干燥和切片晾晒法聚为一类。结论:在采后晾晒过程中,整株自然晾晒方式有利于提高西洋参根中人参皂苷类成分的含量。

Objective:To study on the change rules of six ginsenosides content in Panax quinquefolium L.during the postharvest sun-drying process.Methods:The"single plant split"method was used to study the influences of different drying methods(natural air drying,forced air drying,and vacuum freeze drying)and different natural drying methods(whole plant air drying and slice air drying)on the dehydration rate and ginsenoside content in the roots of P.quinquefolium.The root moisture content of P.quinquefolium was measured dynamically for calculating the dehydration rate.The content of ginsenosides(Rg_(1),Re,Rb_(1),Rd,Rh_(1),and Rb_(2))in the roots of P.quinquefolium was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).SPSS 17.0 was used for one-way analysis of variance,principal component analysis,and cluster analysis of the experimental results.Results:In the"single plant cutting"method,the dehydration rate of P.quinquefolium roots was slow during the natural air drying process,and the required drying period was 215.30 h.The ginsenoside content was significantly increased,and the levels of ginsenosides Rb_(1)and Rd were not only significantly higher than 78.99%(P<0.05)and 85.84%(P<0.05)yielded by the forced air drying,but also higher than 30.63%(P<0.05)and 140.42%(P<0.05)resulting from the vacuum freeze drying.In the whole plant drying process,the dehydration rate of P.quinquefolium roots was slow,and the required drying period was 352.79 h.The levels of ginsenosides Rg_(1),Re,and Rh_(1)were increased by 63.88%(P<0.05),25.85%(P<0.05),and 29.42%(P<0.05)as compared with those obtained in the slice air drying.As demonstrated by the results of principal component analysis and cluster analysis,with ginsenosides Rg_(1),Re,and Rb_(1)as the principal component factors for evaluating the effects of postharvest drying treatments on ginsenoside accumulation in P.quinquefolium roots,the vacuum freeze drying,whole plant air drying,and natural air drying were clustered into one group,while forced air drying and slice air drying into another group.Conclusion:In postharvest air-drying process,the natural air drying of the whole plant is beneficial to increasing the content of ginsenosides in the root of P.quinquefolium.