长江下游麦区新育成品种(系)3种主要病害的抗性鉴定及抗病基因/QTL的分子检测

Evaluation and molecular detection of three major diseases resistance of new bred wheat varieties(lines)from the lower reaches of the Yangtze River

小麦赤霉病、白粉病和黄花叶病是长江下游麦区小麦生产的主要病害。本研究对长江下游麦区新育成49个品种(系)的上述3种病害进行抗性鉴定,同时利用与抗赤霉病主效QTL Fhb1和QFhs.crc-2D、抗白粉病基因Pm21以及抗黄花叶病主效QTL QYm.nau-5A.1和QYm.nau-2D连锁的分子标记检测试验品种3种病害抗病基因/QTL组成。结果显示,49.0%的品种赤霉病抗性达中抗以上,32.6%的品种对白粉病免疫或抗,44.9%的品种抗黄花叶病。30.6%和73.6%的试验品种分别含有抗赤霉病主效QTL Fhb1和QFhs.crc-2D,宁麦9号和扬麦158及其衍生品种分别是Fhb1和QFhs.crc-2D的主要载体品种;28.6%的品种含抗白粉病基因Pm21,镇麦9号和扬麦18及其衍生品种为Pm21的主要载体品种;分子检测含抗黄花叶病主效QTL QYm.nau-5A.1和QYm.nau-2D的品种比例均为24.5%,宁麦9号和苏麦6号及其衍生品种分别是QYm.nau-5A.1和QYm.nau-2D的主要载体品种。宁麦9号和扬麦158衍生品种在小麦抗赤霉病和黄花叶病基因/QTL的组成存在分化。结果为长江下游麦区小麦抗病分子育种提供了重要参考。

Fusarium head blight(FHB),powdery mildew(PM),and wheat yellow mosaic virus(WYMV)are three major diseases of wheat in the lower reaches of Yangtze River.The resistance to FHB,PM,and WYMV of 49 new bred wheat varieties(ad-vanced lines)from the lower reaches of the Yangtze River were evaluated,and the molecular markers linked to FHB resistance QTL Fhb1 and QFhs.crc-2D,PM gene Pm21 and WYMV resistance QTL QYm.nau-5A.1 and QYm.nau-2D were used to detect the correspond resistance genes/QTLs.49.0%of the varieties were above moderate resistance to FHB,32.6%varieties were im-mune or resistant to PM,and 44.9%varieties were resistant to WYMV.30.6%and 73.6%of the tested varieties contained Fhb1 and QFhs.crc-2D,respectively.Ningmai 9 and Yangmai 158 as well as their derived varieties were the main carriers of Fhb1 and QFhs.crc-2D,respectively.Pm21,a powdery mildew resistant gene,was detected in 28.6%of the tested varieties,Zhenmai 9 and Yangmai 18 were two major donors of Pm21.QYm.nau-5A.1 and QYm.nau-2D,two MYMV resistant QTL,were detected in 24.5%of the tested varieties.Ningmai 9 and Zhenmai 9 were two major QTL donors.The composition of resistance genes/QTLs to FHB and WYMV in Yangmai 158 and their derived varieties diverged from Ningmai 9 and its derived varieties.These results provide the important information for molecular breeding for wheat disease resistance in lower reaches of Yangtze River.