祁连山国家公园多元共治体系建构探析

Pluralistic Co-governance System Construction of Qilian Mountain National Park

祁连山国家公园生态环境脆弱,保护形势严峻,当前其管理主要以政府部门的自治性、命令性控制模式为主,缺乏社会、市场等多元主体参与,导致碎片化管理问题严重。因此,政府应从“命令、控制性”角色向“服务、指导性”角色转换,发挥好政府、社会、市场的作用。以公共产品理论、分工协作理论、整体性治理理论为基础,探究多元共治体系下政府、社会、市场在祁连山国家公园管理中的权责边界、职能范畴,提出,既需要在“共建共享”理念下对社会、市场在制度层面上进行“地位承认”和“赋权”,也需要在“规范制衡”理念下对三者之间的权利和义务进行界定和厘清,避免各自的“失范风险”“越权现象”的发生,以期发挥各自最大的治理优势。

The ecological environment in Qilian Mountain national park is fragile and the protection situation is stern.Currently,its management is mainly in forms of government's autonomy and directive control mode,lacks the participation of multiple subjects such as society and markets,which results in severe problems of fragmented management.Therefore,governments should transform their role of“direction and control”to that of“service and guidance”,make most of the roles of governments,society and markets.Based on theories of public goods,division and cooperation,and holistic governance,the article explores the responsibility boundaries and function categories of governments,society and markets under the system of pluralistic co-governance.The article points out that we should not only recognize the status of society and markets and empower them under the notion of“co-building and sharing”,but also define and clarify the rights and responsibility of governments,society and markets under the notion of“regulation checks and balances”.