论清代圣谕宣讲与河西宝卷合流

A Study on the Confluence of the Preaching of Imperial Edicts in Qing Dynasty and Hexi Baojuan

圣谕宣讲的地方化过程,是一个从内容到形制、从官方到民间、从讲唱脚本到案头读本的演进过程,这一过程同时伴随着与地方性文体合流的现象。清代甘肃各地方志中对圣谕宣讲的仪式过程、讲生任用、宣讲效果等都有或详或略的记载,结合宣讲文本可以复原宣讲仪式的历史场域。圣谕宣讲仪式的表演性、宣讲文本的故事性,使其与说唱艺术类的河西宝卷合流,而劝善与实用的社会功能是二者能够合流的根本之所在。在清咸丰以后,圣谕宣讲与宝卷宣卷在主题上已经很难有一个清晰的分界标准,但不管是圣谕的“宣讲”,还是宝卷的“宣卷”都是对权威观念的传播,体现的是政治、道德、传统的声音,共同形塑了中华民族共同体意识的文化表征:忠孝、仁义、宽厚与坚韧。

The process of localization of the preaching of imperial edicts is an evolution process from contents to forms,from the official one to a folk one,from talking and singing scripts to readers on desk.This process is also accompanied by the phenomenon of merging with local styles.In the local records of Gansu in the Qing Dynasty,the ritual process of the preaching of imperial edicts,preachers'appointments and preaching effects were recorded in detailed or brief forms.Combined with the preaching texts,the historical field of the preaching ceremony can be restored.The performing features of preaching ceremonies and the story features of the preaching texts help them merge with Hexi Baojuan of talking and singing art.And the social function of advocating virtues and practicality is the basis for their confluence.After the reign of Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty,it was difficult to have a clear demarcation between the preaching of imperial edicts and that of Baojuan.However,regardless of whether it is the“preaching”of imperial edicts or that of Baojuan,both are for the spread of authoritative ideas.They embody the voices of politics,morality and tradition,and have collectively shaped the cultural representations of the sense of community for the Chinese nation:loyalty,benevolence,generosity and tenacity.