《四库全书》抄工改字动机探究——以校勘王世贞《弇州山人续稿》为例

A Probe into the Motivation of the Transcribers of the Si Ku Quan Shu——Take the Collation of Wang Shizhen’s Continued by Yan Zhou Shanren as an Example

校勘台湾皇明五先生本、普林斯顿明刻本与文渊阁四库全书本王世贞《弇州山人续稿》,发现“四库本”中存在诸多异文,这些异文可分为脱文倒文、形近而讹、混用异体字、有意改动古雅字等八类,异文的产生与抄工的身份、心态,考成制度密切相关。通过探讨异文类型,量化正误数据,追溯异文产生的原因,重点关注有碍文意处,有助于重新理解明人“空疏不学”,考量“四库本”在学术研究中的可信度与可用度。

After collating the edition of Huang Ming in Taiwan,the Ming Dynasty engraved edition of Princeton in America,and Wang Shizhen’s Continued by Yan Zhou Shanren in Wenyuan Pavilion Si Ku Quan Shu edition,it was found that there are many different texts in the Si Ku Edition.There are eight categories of texts,such as corrupted and inverted forms,close forms and mistakes,mixed use of variants,and deliberate changes to quaint words.The generation of variants is closely related to the identity and mentality of the copywriters,and the examination system.By exploring the types of different texts,quantifying the correct and wrong data,tracing the causes of the different texts,focusing on the places that hinder the meaning of the text,it is helpful to re-understand the Ming people’s insufficient knowledge and consider the feasibility of the Si Ku Edition’s reliability and availability in academic research.