吸附破伤风疫苗预防外伤后破伤风的临床应用分析

The Analysis of Vaccinating Adsorbed Tetanus in Clinic after Trauma

目的总结推广使用吸附破伤风疫苗(TT)预防外伤后破伤风的临床经验。方法分析2020年9月1日至2021年2月15日就诊于广州市从化区江埔街社区卫生服务中心门诊部113例皮肤开放性损伤病例使用吸附破伤风疫苗(TT)和破伤风抗毒素(TAT)的临床资料。结果 49例(应使用病例的67.1%)使用TT,不良反应少而轻微;56例(全部病例的49.6%)使用TAT,比开展TT接种前100%使用率下降50.4%,破伤风抗毒素皮试阳性率达到56.1%;因医患双方原因存在部分未规范使用TT、TAT情况,应采取措施完善。结论使用TT主动免疫安全性高,是最科学最经济的预防破伤风措施,需要进一步提高医患双方破伤风防治知识水平,从而提高TT使用率,降低破伤风发病率,减少TAT使用及不良反应,节约医疗资源。

Objective To sum up the clinical experience of preventing tetanus by vaccinating adsorbed tetanus vaccine after being promoted for a period of time. Methods Analyzing the medical history of 113 patients who was suffered from opening skin injury and received treatment in Outpatient Department of Jiangpu Street Community Health Service Center, Conghua District, Guangzhou City during September 1, 2020 to February 15, 2021. Results 49 patients were vaccinated adsorbed tetanus vaccine;56 patients were vaccinated tetanus antitoxin. The former had less adverse events,but the latter’s positive skin rate was up to 56.1%. The rate of vaccination tetanus antitoxin decreased 50.4%. To avoid non-standard vaccination,some measures are needed. Conclusion Vaccinating adsorbed tetanus vaccine is a more safe, affordable and rational treatment to prevent tetanus. Improving doctor and patient’s knowledge about preventing tetanus is needed to decrease the incidence rate of tetanus and save medical resource.