“世界文学”的首创权之争

An Investigation on World Literature from the Perspective of Etymology

1827年的歌德谈话是所有学者探讨世界文学命题时必须征引的第一文献。然而,歌德首创世界文学这个认识是逐渐被强化和经典化的。魏茨《维兰德是“世界文学”一词的首创者》和沙莫尼《施略策1773年首创“世界文学”概念》的先后发表对既有观念形成挑战。通过词源学考察,我们发现在世界文学的谱系图上,历史学家、文学批评家、文学家在处理同一概念时存在差异。从一个区域性概念到一个世界通用语,不同区域的学者基于各自的文学史数据调整了世界文学的时间指向性,丰富了其意涵。“世界文学”的首创权之争并不止于文献学意义。至少在21世纪的世界文学理论之中,我们能找到与施略策和维兰德所指相类似的内容。前者扩大了世界文学的地理空间范围,后者拓展了世界文学的历史长度。总体而言,施略策和维兰德的世界文学言说迥异于歌德的民族文学-世界文学模型。

When scholars from different nations discuss world literature,they often cite the conversations between Goethe and Eckermann in 1827.In fact,the idea that Goethe coined the term of world literature is gradually intensified and canonized in the field of literary study.However there have many debates on its genesis in the times of pan-world literature.Hans-Joachim Weitz's‘Weltliteratur’zurest bei Wieland in Arcadia in 1987 and Wolfgang Schamoni's‘Weltliteratur'-zurest 1773 bei August Ludwig Schlözer in the same magazine in 2008 define respectively world literature from different perspectives.Two papers show the new origin of world literature from the perspective of etymology.