城乡居民突发公共卫生事件健康素养及影响因素分析——以日照市为例

Analyzing the Health Literacy of Public Health Emergencies among Urban and Rural Residents and Its Influencing Factors Sampled with Rizhao City

目的:调查城乡居民的突发公共卫生事件健康素养现状,并针对潜在的干预点提出相应的改善措施与建议,为提高居民突发公共卫生事件健康素养提供参考。方法:用分层随机抽样的方法,按照经济水平和人口规模分别抽取日照市三个县市区的城乡居民进行问卷调查,对不同人群健康素养的得分情况进行方差分析,采用多元逐步回归分析健康素养的影响因素。结果:在被调查的303名日照市居民中,日照市居民健康素养良好,且不同年龄、收入、婚姻状况、教育程度、自评健康状况的居民健康素养存在统计学差异(P<0.05),逐步回归分析显示年龄、收入和健康状况是影响居民健康素养的影响因素(P<0.05)。其中健康状况是主要影响因素(β=-0.222,95%CI:-15.075~-5.107)。结论:日照市居民健康素养水平差异较大,整体健康素养处于中等偏上水平。应采取针对性的突发公共卫生事件健康素养促进措施,进一步提升居民对于突发事件的防护能力及健康素养水平。

Objective To investigate the status of health literacy of public health emergencies of urban and rural residents,put forward corresponding improvement measures and suggestions on potential intervention points,and provide references for improving residents’health literacy of public health emergencies.Methods Urban and rural residents in three counties of Rizhao City were chosen with stratified random sampling method,according to economic level and population size,and surveyed with questionnaire.Variance analysis was conducted on the scores of health literacy of different populations.And the influencing factors of health literacy were analyzed by multiple stepwise regression.Results The sampled residents in Rizhao had good health literacy,which had significant differences in age,income,marital status,education level and self-rated health status(P<0.05).Stepwise regression analysis showed that age,income and health status were the influencing factors of residents’health literacy(P<0.05),in which health status was the main influencing factor(β=-0.222,95%CL=-15.075~-5.107).Conclusion There had significantly different level of health literacy in residents in Rizhao City,which was overall at upper middle level.Targeted measures should be taken to promote their health literacy of public health emergencies,so as to further improve the protection ability and health literacy of residents against emergencies.