核电厂就地人机接口人因偏差识别和设计改进

Human Error Identification and Design Improvement of In-Situ Human Machine Interface for Nuclear Power Plant

核电厂就地人机接口(HMI)的试验、运行和维修活动通常是现场人因失误事件的主要来源及促成因素。就地HMI在应对故障条件和减轻事件后果方面发挥关键作用。应用有效的人因工程设计方法和评估工具对核电厂就地人机接口设计进行人因偏差识别,并通过合理的设计改进,提升人员任务执行的可靠性。良好的HMI设计能为现场工作人员提供符合人因工效学的工作空间和工作环境,减轻操作员的心理负担、提升人员任务执行绩效、有效降低人因失误事件的发生概率。从人因偏差的识别范围、人因评估标准和依据、人因偏差的评估方法、人因偏差的评估过程和人因偏差的设计改进等方面,详细介绍核电厂就地人机接口人因偏差的识别和设计改进。从核电厂设计阶段提出系统地识别人因偏差的方法,并给出人因偏差的评估和改进流程,体现人因工程贯穿于核电厂全生命周期的理念。

In-situ human machine interface(HMI)testing,operation and maintenance activities in nuclear power plants are usually the main sources and contributing factors of human error incidents on site.In-situ HMI plays a key role in responding to failure conditions and mitigating the consequences of an event.Effective human factor engineering design methods and evaluation tools are used to identify human factor deviations in the in-situ human interface design of nuclear power plants,and the reliability of human task execution is improved through reasonable design improvement.Good HMI design can provide the field staff with ergonomic workspace and working environment,reduce the psychological burden of operators,improve the reliability of personnel task execution,and effectively reduce the probability of human error events.The identification and design improvement of human factor deviation for in-situ human machine interface in nuclear power plant are introduced in detail from several aspects,such as the identification scope of human factor deviation,evaluation standard and basis of human factor deviation,evaluation method of human factor deviation,evaluation process of human factor deviation and design improvement of human factor deviation.The systematic method to identify human factor deviation is proposed from the design stage of nuclear power plant,and the process to evaluate and improve human factor deviation is given,which reflects the idea that human factor engineering runs through the whole life cycle of nuclear power plant.