中瑞护生职业危害认知现状的对比研究

Nursing students′occupational hazards status between China and Sweden

目的了解中国、瑞典在校护生对职业危害认知状况,为降低职业暴露率提供有效依据。方法采用自拟问卷,中文、瑞典语两版,进行问卷调查。结果中国护生在包括机械性危害、化学性危害、生物性危害、物理性危害4个维度的职业危害认知正确率分别为94.4%(1024/1085)、89.8%(557/620)、81.6%(1898/2325)、90.7%(703/775),均高于瑞典护生的58.4%(756/1295)、48.8%(361/740)、60.2%(1671/2775)、86.7%(802/925),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=259.196~1259.183,P<0.05)。“操作姿势不标准会导致腰痛的发生”“为患者静脉注射时需要戴手套”“为患者换药时需要戴手套”“为患者抽血时需要戴手套”4道题目的回答正确率瑞典护生高于中国护生(χ^(2)=11.738~16.990,P<0.01),其余题目中国护生正确率均高于瑞典护生(χ^(2)=11.738~45.464,P<0.01)。结论中国护生较瑞典护生职业危害知识掌握得更好,但仍存在薄弱环节,需从教育方面给予改进,并从管理层面降低护生乃至护士的职业暴露,提高护生乃至护士的就业质量。

Objective To get a general information about the occupational hazards status of nursing students between China and Sweden,to provide effective basis for reducing occupational exposure rate.Methods Questionnaire survey.Design and develop an occupational hazards questionnaire and translate the questionnaire into Swedish.Results The correct rate of occupational hazard in Chinese nursing students including mechanical,chemical,biological and physical hazards was 94.4%(1024/1085)and 89.8%(557/620),respectively.81.6%(1898/2325),90.7%(703/775),both higher than Swedish nursing students 58.4%(756/1295),48.8%(361/740),60.2%(1671/2775)86.7%(802/925),the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=259.196-1259.183,P<0.05).Only"operating posture is not standard will lead to the occurrence of low back pain""Women need to wear gloves when intravenously injecting patients""Women need to wear gloves when changing medicines for patients""Women need to wear gloves when drawing blood for patients"4 questions correct answer rate Sweden Nursing students were higher than Chinese nursing students(χ^(2)=11.738-16.990,P<0.01),and the remaining questions of Chinese nursing students were higher than Swedish nursing students(χ^(2)=11.738-45.464,P<0.01).Conclusions Nursing students in China and Sweden generally have the awareness of occupational hazard cognition,and Chinese nursing students have a better grasp of the knowledge of occupational hazard cognition,but there are still weak links,which need to be improved from the aspect of education,managers should also consider reducing the occupational exposure of nursing students and even nurses from the management level,improve the employment quality of nursing students and nurses.