地方生活垃圾分类立法探析--以建设国家生态文明试验区(福建)为背景

Analysis on Local Domestic Waste Classification Legislation:At the Background of Constructing National Ecological Civilization Experimental Zone(Fujian)

近年来,各地方如火如荼进行的生活垃圾分类立法呈现出地方性法规逐步替代政府规章、垃圾分类标准细化、管理责任更加明确和法律责任更加严格等特征。然而,这一波立法高潮仍存在更高层次的生活垃圾处理专门法律缺失、垃圾分类标准不统一、垃圾分类督导员职能未能有效发挥以及处罚措施不够细致等问题。为此,应当加强地方生活垃圾分类立法的顶层设计,确保垃圾分类标准统一,并引入社会力量提高垃圾分类投放督导的效率,同时进一步细化罚责,以提升城市生活垃圾的治理实效。

In recent years,the legislation of domestic waste classification in full swing in various places shows the characteristics of local laws and regulations gradually replacing government regulations,the waste classification standards more refining,the management responsibility clearer and the legal responsibility stricter.However,this wave of legislation climax still has the problem of lacks of the higher level specialized law of domestic waste classification,non-uniformity of the waste classification standard,the waste Classifier function not effectively mobilized and the punishment measure not detailed enough.Therefore,in order to improve the effectiveness of municipal solid waste treatment,We should strengthen the top-level design of local domestic waste classification legislation,ensure the unity of waste classification standard,introduce social forces to improve the efficiency of supervision of waste classification and delivery,and further refine the penalty and responsibility.