唐长安明德门及其礼仪功能研究

Study on Tang, Chang An, Mingde Gate and its Ceremonial Function

唐都长安在营建之初就表现出其对礼仪性与规范性的要求。针对长安城礼仪空间的研究侧重于礼制建筑,关于城门礼仪功能的讨论则较宽泛,不够集中。以唐长安外郭城南面正门明德门为个案进行研究得出:明德门所处的地理位置阻碍其交通功能的发展,其防御功能在一众郭城城门中并不突出。宇文恺的都市规划为唐人继承,体现为皇城南三十六坊-明德门-南郊祭祀空间的礼仪中轴线。因位于礼仪中轴线之上,明德门在禜门礼与大傩礼中承担的礼仪功能愈发重要。通过随仪式流程而扩张的礼仪空间连接,明德门与其他礼制建筑共同完成了长安城的礼仪规划。

At the beginning of the construction, Chang An, the capital of Tang Dynasty, embodied its requirements for etiquette and standardization. The research on the ceremonial space of Chang An City focuses on the ritual architecture. And the discussion on the ceremonial function of the city gates is broader and not concentrated enough. Based on the case study of Mingde gate, the main gate on the south side of Chang An city, it is concluded that the geographical location of Mingde gate hindered the development of its traffic function, and its defensive function is not prominent in gates of Chang An city. Yuwenkai’s urban design was inherited by Tang people, which was embodied as the ceremonial axis(the Imperial City South 36 Wards-Minde gate-the southern suburbs of the ritual space).Because of its location, the ceremonial function of Mingde Gate in rite of Ying Men and the rite of Great Nuo was becoming more and more important. Through the connection of the ceremonial space expanded with the ritual process, Mingde gate and other ritual buildings completed the ceremonial design of Chang An City.