先秦兵家军事伦理思想探要——兼辨传统和当代军事伦理思想的关系

A Probe into the Military Ethics Thoughts of Military Strategists in the Pre-Qin Dynasties——Concurrently Distinguishing the Relationship between the Tradition and Contemporary Military Ethics

军事伦理学自20世纪80年代正式成为伦理学一个分支学科以来,其实践应用和学术研究也愈加广泛,但近年来,军事伦理学研究逐渐呈现出驳杂和无序的趋势。就该学科的长远发展而言,必须规范其概念及其定义,梳理其与易相混淆的社会保障思想之间的关系,并通过对古代兵家战争观的考察,进一步明确传统军事伦理思想与当代军事伦理思想之间的区别和联系。军事伦理是军事领域绝大多数主体认同并遵行的共同观念,而非少数或个别军事主体之观念。虽然战国并无军事伦理发展和建立之时代背景和政治基础,但亦对中国古代传统军事伦理思想体系的建立奠定了基础,是军事伦理学发展史上的重要时代节点。且先秦兵家战争观普遍认为,大义重于仁慈,天下兴亡亦重于个人生死。

Since military ethics formally became a branch of ethics in the 1980s,its practical application and academic research have also become more extensive.However,in recent years,military ethics research has gradually shown a trend of disorganization and disorder.As far as the long-term development of the discipline is concerned,it is necessary to standardize its concepts and definitions,sort out the relationship between them and the easily confused social security thoughts,and further clarify the traditional military ethics and contemporary thoughts through the inspection of the ancient military strategists’views on war.Military ethics is a common concept recognized and followed by the majority of subjects in the military field,rather than the concept of a few or individual military subjects.Although the Warring States Period did not have the historical background and political foundation for the development and establishment of military ethics,it also laid the foundation for the establishment of the traditional Chinese military ethics ideology system.It is an important era node in the history of military ethics development.Moreover,the pre-Qin military strategists generally believe that justice is more important than benevolence,and the rise and fall of the world are also more important than personal life and death.