石墨烯火灾预警器的研究进展

Research progress on the graphenebased fire alarm sensor

火灾预警系统的核心之一是新型传感材料,石墨烯及其衍生物具有超高电子传导率和超大比表面积,因其独特的温敏性及气敏性,在传感器领域具有广泛的应用前景。综述了国内外近年来石墨烯及其衍生物在火灾预警领域的研究进展,介绍了多种热敏型氧化石墨烯及气敏型石墨烯火灾预警器的设计思路,可实现对早期火灾的快速可靠预警,重点关注氧化石墨烯的热致还原效应及石墨烯对火灾标志性气体的敏感性,探讨其火灾预警机制,介绍了其在保温预警气凝胶、智能火灾预警墙纸、自供电火灾预警系统、断电保护等方面的应用探索。通过分析现有研究成果,总结了石墨烯在火灾预警领域的优势与不足,并对其发展前景及有待解决的技术问题进行了展望。

One of the cores of a fire warning system is new sensing material.Graphene and its derivatives have ultra-high electronic conductivity and a large specific surface area.They have a wide range of application prospects in the sensor field due to their unique temperature and gas-sensitive performances.This article firstly reviews the current research status of the application of graphene and its derivatives in the fire warning field reported in recent years.The design concepts of a variety of fire warning devices based on thermal-sensitive graphene oxide and gas-sensitive graphene are introduced.The rapid and reliable early warning of fire is achieved.The thermal reduction effect of graphene oxide and the sensitivity of graphene to the characteristic gases are studied.In the condition of high temperature or flame,most functional groups on graphene oxide can be removed,repairing the conductive network to obtain excellent electrical conductivity.This temperature-responsive thermal reduction characteristic of graphene oxide is promising for fire detection and perception.When gas molecules are adsorbed on the surface of graphene,it will cause changes in its electronic structure.Thus its electron carrying rate and mobility will change.The fire response mechanism of graphene-based sensors is discussed.Their applications in insulation warning aerogel,intelligent fire warning wallpaper,self-powered fire warning system,and power failure protection are introduced.The advantages and shortcomings of graphene in the field of fire warning are summarized by comparing it with the previous publications.The development prospects and technical issues to be resolved are prospected.