中国共产党百年乡村治理的历程、经验及启示

Centennial Rural Governance of the Communist Party of China:Course,Experience and Enlightenment

依据党在乡村治理中采取的模式和方式,百年乡村治理大致经历了四个历史时期:“政党下乡”的革命动员时期、“政社合一”的人民公社时期、“政社分开”的村民自治时期和“政社协同”的三治结合探索时期。其基本经验可概括为:以推动乡村的稳定和发展为治理目标,以维护农民根本利益为治理理念,以中国共产党为领导主体,以时代诉求完善乡村治理模式,以制度化法治化建设为乡村治理手段。新时代,党要通过加强农村基层党组织建设来夯实党在乡村振兴中的领导地位、要在国家治理现代化的大局中推进乡村治理现代化、要以激发多元主体活力形成“共建共治共享”的治理新格局,从而构建和谐有序的善治乡村。

According to the mode and method adopted by the Communist Party of China(the CPC)in rural governance,Centennial rural governance has roughly experienced four historical periods since the founding of the CPC:the revolutionary mobilization period of“the party goes to the countryside”,the people’s commune period of“the unity of government and society”,the villagers’self-governance period of“the separation of government and society”,and the“three integrated rules of goverance”period of“the cooperation of government and society”.Its basic experience can be summarized as follows:to promote rural stability and development as the governance goal,to safeguard the fundamental interests of farmers as the governance concept,the CPC always the core of leadership,improveing the rural governance model keep pace with the times,strengthening the construction of regulations and laws as the rural governance means.The CPC should strengthen the construction of rural grassroots party organizations to consolidate the party’s leading position in rural revitalization,promote the modernization of rural governance in the process of national governance modernization,and form a new governance pattern of“co-construction,co-governance and sharing”by stimulating the vitality of multiple subjects,so as to build a harmonious and orderly good governance of rural areas in the new era.