稳稻种养模式下水稻产量形成及周年经济效益研究

Characteristics of Rice Yield Formation and Annual Economic Benefit under Stable Rice Integrative Cultivation Mode

为了缓解稻田共作出现的“重渔轻稻”矛盾,以南粳9108和丰优香占为供试品种,以稻麦轮作(R-W)为对照,设置稻鸭共作-紫云英轮作(RD-Mv)、稻虾轮作(R-C)两种稳稻种养模式,通过综合栽培措施调控构建稳产水稻群体(产量>7.5 t/hm^(2)),研究不同稻作模式下水稻产量形成和周年经济效益。结果表明,与R-W相比,RD-Mv能显著提高水稻产量,平均提高7.17%,R-C产量与R-W相当,RD-Mv增穗增产,R-C增粒稳产。RD-Mv和R-C能增加水稻剑叶SPAD值,提高叶面积指数,较R-W分别增加9.97%~33.45%和12.78%~39.78%,差异显著。RD-Mv和R-C提高了水稻地上部干物质积累量,主要增加了播种至分蘖中期的积累量。RD-Mv和R-C的光合势和分蘖中期前的群体生长率显著高于R-W,分蘖中期后的群体生长率无显著差异。周年效益方面,R-C利润高,产投比达3.12,RD-Mv利润有所提高,但产投比仅2.29,低于R-W的2.51。综上,稻鸭共作-紫云英轮作和稻虾轮作均能稳产增收,叶绿素含量高、叶面积指数高、光合势好、前期干物质积累多且群体生长好是其增产稳产的原因。

In order to relieve the contradiction of“attaching importance to aquatic but neglecting rice”,we used two rice cultivars,Nangeng 9108 and Fengyouxiangzhan as test varieties,set up two rice farming patterns of rice-duck co-farming with milk vetch rotation(RD-Mv),rice-crayfish rotation(R-C),and rice-wheat rotation(R-W)as the control.The stable-yield rice population(yield>7.5 t/hm^(2))was constructed by comprehensive cultivation measures to study the yield formation and annual economic benefits of rice under different rice cropping patterns.The results showed that,the rice yield of RD-Mv was significantly increased compared with R-W,with an average increase of 7.17%.The rice yield of R-C was equivalent to that of R-W.RD-Mv increased yield by raising panicle number and R-C stablized yield by increasing grain number.RD-Mv and R-C could increase the SPAD value of flag leaves,and increase leaf area index(LAI)by 9.97%~33.45%and 12.78%~39.78%respectively than R-W.The dry matter accumulation of RD-Mv and R-C were increased,mainly from sowing to tillering stages.In terms of annual benefits,R-C had a high profit,with the ratio of production to investment of 3.12,and RD-Mv increased profits,but the ratio of production to investment was only 2.29,which was lower than 2.51 of R-W.In conclusion,both RD-Mv and R-C could stabilize yield production and increase income,The reasons for increasing and stabling yield were high chlorophyll content,LAI,photosynthetic potential and dry matter accumulation at the early stage as well as good population growth.