长期定位试验不同耕作方式与秸秆还田对水稻产量和稻米品质的影响

Effects of Di fferent Tillage Methods and Straw Returning on Rice Yield and Rice Quality under Long-Term Location Experiment

以中嘉早17(早稻)和泰优390(晚稻)为材料,进行长期定位试验,研究不同耕作方式与秸秆还田耦合条件下水稻产量和品质的表现。结果表明,与秸秆不还田处理相比,秸秆还田处理能显著增加水稻产量,增产幅度为9%,“早稻旋耕+晚稻翻耕”处理对水稻增产效果最明显,周年产量高达15.8 t/hm^(2),较其他处理高5%~36%。秸秆还田与耕作方式互作对早、晚稻米垩白粒率、早稻RVA谱特性、晚稻消减值具有极显著影响,而对其他外观、加工品质影响不显著。不同耕作方式下稻米外观品质差异不明显,“秸秆还田+早晚稻均免耕”处理稻米加工品质最优,而“秸秆还田+早稻旋耕+晚稻翻耕”处理稻米RVA谱特性最佳。综合得出,“秸秆还田+早稻旋耕+晚稻翻耕”处理增产效果最好且蒸煮品质最优。

Based on a long-term location experiment,Zhongjiazao 17(early rice type)and Taiyou 390(late rice type)were used as the experimental materials to study the performance of rice yield and quality under the conditions of coupling of different tillage methods and straw returning to the field.The results showed that,compared with the treatment of not returning the straw to the field,the treatment of returning the straw to the field could significantly increase the yield of rice by 9%,the treatment of“early rice rotary tillage+late rice tillage”had the most obvious effect on increasing rice yield.The annual yield is as high as 15.8 t/hm^(2),which is 5%to 36%higher than other treatments.The interaction of straw returning to the field and tillage methods had extremely significant effects on the chalky grain rate of early rice and late rice,the RVA profile characteristics of early rice and eating quality,and the reduction value of late rice,but had no significant effect on other appearance and processing quality.There was no obvious difference in the appearance quality of rice under different tillage methods.The processing quality of“returning straw to the field+no-tillage for early and late rice”treatment was the best,while the treatment of“returning straw to the field+early rice rotary tillage+late rice plowing”had the best RVA profile characteristics.In conclusion,the treatment of“returning straw to the field+rotary tillage of early rice+tillage of late rice”had the best yield-increasing effect and the best cooking and eating quality.