不同施肥方式和播种量对华南直播稻产量的影响

Effects of Different Fertilization Technologies and Sowing Rates on Grain Yield of Direct Seeded Rice in South China

水稻直播是一种轻简高效栽培模式,具有良好的应用前景。在粤西直播稻区开展大田试验,探究不同施肥方式(习惯法和“三控”法)和播种量(2.0、3.5、5.0、6.5、8.0和10.0 kg/667 m^(2))对直播稻产量的影响。结果表明,与习惯法施肥相比,采用“三控”法施肥的水稻有效穗数和结实率分别降低20.1%和5.1%,但每穗颖花数增加31.6%,稻谷产量增加11.3%。随着播种量的增加,水稻有效穗数从304万/hm^(2)增加到464万/hm^(2),每穗颖花数从112.09个降低到81.90个;稻谷产量以播种量为3.5 kg/667 m^(2)的处理最高,达6.66 t/hm^(2)。综上所述,华南直播稻生产应选择每穗颖花数多、收获指数高且千粒重大的品种,播种量3.5 kg/667 m^(2),采用“三控”法施肥。

Direct seeding of rice is a simplified and high-efficient cultivation model with good application prospects.A field experiment was carried out in the direct-seeding rice area in western Guangdong,and the effects of different fertilization methods(farmer fertilization method and“three control”fertilization method)and sowing rates(2.0,3.5,5.0,6.5,8.0 and 10.0 kg/667 m^(2))on yield of the direct-seeding rice were studied.The results showed that,compared with farmer fertilization method,the effective panicle number and seed setting rate of rice using the“three-control”fertilization method decreased by 20.1%and 5.1%,respectively,but the number of spikelets per panicle increased by 31.6%,and the grain yield increased by 11.3%.With the increase of seeding rate,the num-ber of effective panicles of rice increased from 3.04 million/hm^(2) to 4.64 million/hm^(2),and the number of spikelets per panicle decreased from 112.09 to 81.90.When the sowing rate was 3.5 kg/667 m^(2),the grain yield reached 6.66 t/hm^(2),which was the highest among all sowing rate treatments.In summary,the varieties with a large number of spikelets per panicle,a high harvest index and a large thou-sand grains are suitable for direct-seeding rice production in South China,with a sowing rate of 3.5 kg/667 m^(2) and the“three controls”fertilization technology.