吞咽功能训练配合非营养性吸吮对经口喂养困难的早产儿的影响

Effect of Swallowing Training Combined with Non-nutritive Sucking on Premature Infants with Oral Feeding Difficulties

目的探讨对经口喂养困难的早产儿应用吞咽功能训练配合非营养性吸吮的效果。方法随机选取2019年2月—2020年5月该院收治的100例经口喂养困难的早产儿,按随机数字表法分成两组,对照组和观察组,各50例。对照组给予鼻饲喂养,观察组在鼻饲喂养基础上给予吞咽功能训练配合非营养性吸吮,对比两组鼻胃管营养时间、禁食时间、过渡时间、完全经口喂养时胎龄、住院天数、喂养过程中并发症发生情况以及喂养期间生长发育情况。结果观察组鼻胃管营养时间、禁食时间、过渡时间、完全经口喂养时胎龄、住院天数分别为(5.12±1.06)d、(3.29±1.12)d、(5.97±1.54)d、(32.47±1.23)周、(38.17±6.16)d短于对照组(7.29±2.03)d、(6.35±1.35)d、(8.12±3.03)d、(36.29±0.18)周、(44.56±9.19)d,差异有统计学意义(t=6.700、12.335、4.473、21.729、4.084,P<0.05);观察组喂养过程中并发症发生率为14.00%低于对照组的36.00%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.453,P<0.05);观察组身长增长值和体质量增长值分别为(1.03±0.41)cm、(52.18±10.11)g高于对照组(0.72±0.21)cm、(42.81±11.18)g,差异有统计学意义(t=4.759、4.396,P<0.05)。结论经口喂养困难的早产儿应用吞咽功能训练配合非营养性吸吮能缩短鼻胃管营养时间、禁食时间、过渡时间、完全经口喂养时胎龄、住院天数,减少喂养过程中并发症的发生,有助于生长发育。

Objective To explore the effect of swallowing function training combined with non-nutritive sucking on premature infants who have difficulty in oral feeding.Methods A total of 100 premature infants with oral feeding difficulties admitted to the hospital from February 2019 to May 2020 were conveniently selected and divided into two groups according to the random number table method,the control group and the observation group,each with 50 cases.The control group was given nasogastric feeding,and the observation group was given swallowing function training combined with non-nutritive sucking on the basis of nasal feeding.The nasogastric tube nutrition time,fasting time,transition time,gestational age when completely oral feeding,hospitalization days,complications during feeding and growth and development during feeding.Results Observation group's nasogastric tube nutrition time,fasting time,transition time,gestational age at full oral feeding,and hospitalization days were(5.12±1.06)d,(3.29±1.12)d,(5.97±1.54)d,(32.47±1.23)weeks,(38.17±6.16)d shorter than the control group(7.29±2.03)d,(6.35±1.35)d,(8.12±3.03)d,(36.29±0.18)weeks,(44.56±9.19)d,the difference was statistically significant(t=6.700,12.335,4.473,21.729,4.084,P<0.05);the complication rate of the observation group during feeding was 14.00%lower than that of the control group 36%,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=6.453,P<0.05).The length growth value and weight growth value of the observation group were(1.03±0.41)cm and(52.18±10.11)g,respectively,higher than those of the control group(0.72±0.21)cm and(42.81±11.18)g,the difference was statistically significant(t=4.759,4.396,P<0.05).Conclusion Premature infants who have difficulty in oral feeding can use swallowing function training combined with non-nutritive sucking to shorten the nasogastric tube nutrition time,fasting time,transition time,gestational age when fully oral feeding,hospitalization days,and reduce the occurrence of complications during feeding,contributing to growth and development.