2011—2019年铜山区病毒性肝炎流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis of viral hepatitis in Tongshan District from 2011 to 2019

目的分析2011—2019年铜山区病毒性肝炎发病情况及流行特征,为今后的防控策略提供科学依据。方法对2011—2019年的病毒性肝炎发病资料采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2011—2019年铜山区共报告病毒性肝炎2 191例,年均发病率18.40/10万,居铜山区甲乙类传染病第2位,其中乙肝年均发病率最高(8.10/10万),其次为丙肝(5.04/10万)和戊肝(4.55/10万),再次为甲肝(0.54/10万)和未分型肝炎(0.17/10万),未报告丁肝;各型肝炎全年均有发病,除丙肝和戊肝表现出明显季节性外,其他型别肝炎无明显季节性;地区间发病率差异无统计学意义(χ2=10.140,P=0.975);发病集中在20~74岁(2025例,占92.42%);男女发病比为2.08:1,发病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=116.240,P<0.001);职业分布以农民为主(占71.75%)。结论今后工作除重点防控乙肝外,要加强丙、戊肝的防控,在做好卫生宣传和甲、乙肝疫苗的常规接种外,扩大接种人群,继续强化对食品、饮用水和医院消毒监管。

Objective To analyze the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of viral hepatitis in Tongshan District from 2011 to 2019,so as to provide the scientific evidence for formulating the prevention and control strategies in the future.Methods The incidence data of viral hepatitis in Tongshan District from 2011 to 2019 were collected and analyzed by the descriptive epidemiological methods.Results A total of 2 191 cases of viral hepatitis were reported in Tongshan District from 2011 to 2019,with an average annual incidence of 18.40/105,ranking the second in Class A and B infectious diseases in Tongshan District.The average annual incidence of hepatitis B was the highest(8.10/105),followed by hepatitis C(5.04/105) and hepatitis E(4.55/105),hepatitis A(0.54/105) and unclassified hepatitis(0.17/105),but no hepatitis D was reported.All types of hepatitis occurred throughout the year.Except for hepatitis C and hepatitis E,other types of hepatitis had no obvious seasonality.There was no statistically significant difference in the incidences among regions(χ2=10.140,P=0.975).The incidence was concentrated in 20-74 years old(2 025 cases,accounting for 92.42%).The incidence ratio of male to female was 2.08:1,and the incidence difference was statistically significant(χ2=116.240,P <0.001).The occupation distribution was mainly farmers(71.75%).Conclusion In the future,besides focusing on the prevention and control of hepatitis B,the prevention and control of hepatitis C and hepatitis E should be strengthened.In addition to the health promotion and routine vaccination of hepatitis A and hepatitis B,more people should be vaccinated,and the supervision of food,drinking water and hospital disinfection should be strengthened.