普外科恶性肿瘤患者支持性照顾需求及影响因素分析

Analysis of supportive care needs and influencing factors of patients with malignant tumors in general surgery department

目的对普外科恶性肿瘤患者支持性照顾需求进行横断面调查并分析相关影响因素。方法选取2017年1月—2020年2月本院普外科收诊的恶性肿瘤患者,收集患者一般资料,采用癌症病人支持性照顾需求问卷(SCNS-59)调查患者支持性照顾需求,多元逐步线性回归分析观察患者支持性照顾需求的影响因素。结果多元逐步线性回归分析结果显示,年龄和病程与SCNS-59得分呈正相关,与教育程度和优质护理方案呈负相关(R2=0.216,P=0.005);教育程度、病程及优质护理方案与患者健康信息需求呈负相关(R2=0.110,P=0.005);年龄与患者照顾与支持需求呈正相关,KPS评分和优质护理方案与患者照顾与支持需求呈负相关(R2=0.310,P<0.001);教育程度和优质护理方案与患者心理需求呈负相关,病程与临床分期与患者心理需求呈正相关(R2=0.262,P<0.001);病程与治疗方式与患者生理与日常生活需求呈正相关(R2=0.204,P=0.030);年龄与患者性支持需求呈负相关(R2=0.402,P<0.001)。结论普外科恶性肿瘤患者支持性照顾需求相对迫切,受多种因素影响,临床应重视并予以筛查,给予专业的护理照顾和指导,尤其是患者心理需求,以提高恶性肿瘤患者的生存质量。

Objective To conduct a cross-sectional survey on the supportive care needs of patients with malignant tumors in general surgery department and analyze the related influencing factors.Methods From January 2017 to February2020,the patients with malignant tumor in general surgery department of a hospital were selected to collect the general information of them.The supportive care needs of the patients were investigated by the Cancer Patient Supportive Care Needs Questionnaire(SCNS-59).The influencing factors of the supportive care needs of the patients were investigated by the multiple stepwise linear regression analysis.Results The multiple stepwise linear regression analysis showed that age and the course of disease were positively correlated with SCNS-59 scores,and negatively correlated with the education level and high-quality nursing scheme(R2=0.216,P=0.005);the education level,course of disease and high-quality nursing scheme were negatively correlated with the patients’ health information needs(R2=0.110,P=0.005).There was a positive correlation between age and patients’ needs for care and support,and a negative correlation between KPS scores and the quality care plan and patients’ needs for care and support(R2=0.310,P <0.001).The education level and high-quality nursing program were negatively correlated with patients’ psychological needs,and the course of disease and clinical stage were positively correlated with patients’ psychological needs(R2=0.262,P <0.001).The course of disease and treatment methods were positively correlated with patients’ physiological and daily life needs(R2=0.204,P=0.030);age was negatively correlated with patients’ sexual support needs(R2=0.402,P <0.001).Conclusion The demand for supportive care of patients with malignant tumor in general surgery department is relatively urgent,which is affected by many factors.We should pay attention to clinical screening,give professional nursing care and guidance,especially the psychological needs of patients,in order to improve the quality of life of patients with malignant tumor.