食用昆虫的营养与应用研究进展

Research Progress and Prospect of Edible Insects

食用昆虫因营养价值高以及物种种类多、繁殖力强、繁殖周期短和饲料转化率高越来越受到人类重视。它们不仅被认为是理想的动物性食品和饲料的替代品,而且在医药、生态和经济方面也有广泛应用。然而,昆虫食性广、栖息环境复杂、易受加工、包装和贮存影响并且自身还含有毒素、过敏原和抗营养素。这些因素导致的安全隐患一直困扰着消费者,因此造成推广昆虫食品受阻。本文介绍了可食用昆虫的营养成分、安全性研究及应用,并且从三个方面展望昆虫食品的未来发展趋势。

Edible insects have been paid more and more attention because of their high nutritional value and variety of species,high fecundity,short breeding cycle and high feed conversion rate.They are not only considered to be ideal substitutes for animal food and feed,but are also widely used in medicine,ecology and economy.However,insects have a wide range of feeding habits,complex habitats,susceptible to processing,packaging and storage,and also contain toxins,allergens and anti-nutrients.The safety risks caused by these factors have always plagued consumers,thus causing the promotion of insect foods to be blocked.This paper introduces the nutritional composition,safety studies and applications of edible insects,and looks forward to the future development trend of insect foods from three aspects.