构建我国微观主体数据资产市场化管理体制与机制的研究

Toward Constructing Data Assets Marketization Management System and Mechanism for Micro-Entities in China

在步入新时代、落实新理念、构建新格局的大背景下,数据资产已经成为当今数字经济发展中最重要、最活跃、最有价值的生产要素。2020年国家有关文件明确定性数据资产为新型生产要素,并就推进数据资产市场化提出若干意见。目前,数据资产的市场化仍处于数字应用的低级层面,还没有作为一种新型的生产要素在全社会完全流动起来。影响数据资产市场化的因素是多方面的,重要原因在于数据资产生产与经营的最基本单位即市场微观主体对数据资产作用认识不充分、数据资产生产与经营管理的体制与机制未构建成型,数据的生产及经营还没有被纳入常态的生产经营活动全流程中,另外,缺少数据要素市场化的基础设施、法律环境、交易规则、确权定价等因素也是影响数据资产生产与经营的重要外因。当前,应深入分析数据资产市场化过程面临的各种矛盾,不断提升对数据资产应用价值的认识,激活微观主体做大做强数据资产内在动力,扩大数据资产的有效需求与供给,制定数据资产交易的规则、优化交易环境,构建数据要素生产与经营的体制与机制,积极发挥数据资产在“十四五”发展中作为新型生产资料的功能性作用,使其为我国社会经济的高质量全面发展做出新贡献。

Under the background of the New Era,the implementation of new development ideas and the construction of a new development pattern,data assets have become the most important,the most active and the most valuable factors of production in the development of digital economy.Relevant state documents in 2020 clearly define qualitative data assets as new production factors,and put forward several proposals on promoting the marketization of data assets.At present,the marketization of data assets is still at a low level of digital application,and it has not been completely flowing in the whole society as a new factor of production.Factors influencing the marketization of data assets are diverse,which are due to several reasons.First,the most basic unit of the production and operation of data assets,namely,market micro-entities have yet to have a sufficient understanding of the role of data assets.Second,the system and mechanism of data asset production,operation and management have yet to be built.Third,the production and operation of the data assets have yet to be included in the whole process of normal production and operation activities.Meanwhile,deficiencies in infrastructure,legal environment,trading rules,and right confirmation and pricing are also important external factors impacting the production and operation of data assets.At present,efforts should be made to have an in-depth analysis of the various contradictions facing the marketization process of data assets,constantly enhance the understanding of the application value of data assets,activate the internal motivation of micro-entities to expand and strengthen data assets,expand the effective demand and supply of data assets,formulate relevant rules for data asset trading and optimize the transaction environment,establish the system and mechanism for the production and operation of data assets,give full play to the functional role of data assets as a new means of production in the development during the 14th Five-Year Plan period,et cetera,so as for data assets to make new contributions to China’s socioeconomic development.