论行政诉讼中情况判决的适用

The Application of Circumstantial Judgment in Administrative Litigation

在行政诉讼中,人民法院在适用情况判决时存在着泛化的倾向。究其缘由,主要在于公共利益的界定缺乏统一裁判尺度、法官适用情况判决的自由裁量权空间大、成本效益分析的引入和补救措施鲜有施行,等等。鉴于此,《行政诉讼法》第74条第1款第1项在我国仍存在适用空间,但为了防止该条款被滥用,应尽快制定《行政程序法》,从源头治理行政违法行为,增设列举式条款明确公共利益边界,将原告个人利益纳入考量,以及借鉴日本“中间违法宣告判决制度”。

In administrative litigation,the people’s court has a tendency of generalization in applying circumstantial judgment.The main causes include the lack of a unified judging standard in defining public interest,the judge’s freedom in applying circumstantial judgment,the introduction of cost-effectiveness analysis,and the rarity in taking remedial measures.Thus,the Item 1,Paragraph 1 of Article 74 of the Administrative Litigation Law still has an application space in China.But to prevent it from being abused,the Administrative Procedure Law should be formulated as soon as possible to govern administrative illegal acts from the source,add enumerative clauses to clarify the boundary of public interest,take into consideration of the plaintiff’s individual interest,and learn from Japan’s“declaration and judgment system of intermediate violation of law.”