民众问责驱动基层干部有效回应的机理与类型——基于H村的调查

Mechanism and Types of Effective Response of Grass-roots Cadres Driven by Public Accountability——Based on the Investigation in Village H

民众问责是政府有效回应群众诉求的外部驱动力。H村在推进“一家亲”APP改革中,建立“互助问答”平台,既为群众有序表达诉求提供了载体,也使群众可以随时追踪干部的回应行为,赋予了群众对干部回应行为进行问责的有力凭借和主体能力,这极大激发了群众参与问责的热情和意愿。在线询问、实时评价、线上公共舆论等多种问责形式与村庄场域内衍生出的线下公共舆论问责、道德问责、选票问责等构成民众问责合力,以较强的问责压力驱动干部的有效回应。在理论上,这是一种基于民众参与的问责式回应模式。有效的民众问责受到问责主体性和能力性两个因素的影响,民众问责的主体性越高、能力性越强,民众问责的有效性就越高,形成的问责压力就越大,回应的有效性也越高。在这两个因素的作用下,形成四种不同但彼此可以动态转换的民众问责式回应模式,并在实践中呈现出两种基本类型,即预见性民众问责下的主动型问责式回应和实践性民众问责下的被动型问责式回应。基于民众参与问责的回应机制为新时代提升农村基层干部回应能力提供了有效的模式借鉴。

Public accountability is the external driving force for the government to effectively respond to people’s demands.In the process of promoting the“one family”App reform,Village H established a“Mutual help Q&A”platform,which not only provided a carrier for the masses to express their demands in an orderly manner,but also enabled the masses to track the cadres’response behavior at any time,has endowed people with strong reliance and subjective ability to be accountable for the cadres’response be-havior.This has greatly stimulated people’s enthusiasm and willingness to participate in accountability,such as online inquiry,real-time evaluation and online public opinion,and formed the joint force of public accountability with off-line public opinion accountability,moral accountability,ballot accountability and other accountability forms derived from the village field,which has driven an effective response with strong accountability pressure.In theory,this is a response model based on people’s participatory accountability.Effective public accountability is affected by two factors:accountability subjectivity and accountability ca-pability.The higher the subjectivity and capability of public accountability,the higher the effectiveness of public accountability,the greater the pressure of accountability and the higher the effectiveness of re-sponse.Under the influence of these two factors,there are four different public accountability response modes which can be changed dynamically.In practice,there are two basic types:proactive accountability response under predictable public accountability and passive accountability response under practical public accountability.The response mechanism based on people’s participation and accountability provides an ef-fective model for improving rural grass-roots responsiveness in the new era.