避雨栽培模式下气象因子对一年两收冬季葡萄白粉病发生的影响

Impact of Meteorological Factors on Winter Grapevines Infected by Powdery Mildew Under Two-crop-a-year Cultivation with Rain-Shelter

【目的】探明避雨栽培模式下温度、降水量及日照时数等气象因子对一年两收冬季葡萄白粉病发病程度的影响,为一年两收葡萄冬季防治白粉病提供理论依据。【方法】在2017和2018年葡萄冬果采收期前,采用田间自然鉴定法调查避雨栽培模式下14个葡萄品种/株系的白粉病发病情况,结合2017和2018年两年9月1日至12月31日的气象监测数据进行气象因子与葡萄白粉病发病率及病情指数的相关分析。【结果】在2017年葡萄冬果采收期,有11个葡萄品种/株系的白粉病发病率低于2018年,有9个葡萄品种/株系的白粉病病情指数小于2018年。2017年9月1日至12月31日的降水量和降雨天数均大于2018年同期;2017年处于白粉病适宜发病温度区间(20.0~27.0℃)的天数少于2018年;2017年总积温略高于2018年;2017年的日照时数多于2018年;2017和2018年两年的日均相对湿度均适宜白粉病菌分生孢子萌发。【结论】降水量、降雨天数和日照时数少及日均温(20.0~27.0℃)适宜白粉病发生的天数多是2018年冬季葡萄白粉病发生重于2017年的主要原因。

【Objective】To provide a theoretical basis for control of powdery mildew of winter grapevines under two-crop-a-year cultivation with rain-shelter,the impact of meteorological factors on disease of winter grapes were studied,such as temperature,rainfall and sunshine duration and so on.【Method】Using field natural identification,disease incidences and indexes of 14 grape varieties infected by powdery mildew under rain-shelter cultivation were investigated before harvest period in 2017 and 2018.Meteorological data from September 1 to December 31 in 2017 and 2018 were acquired from meteorological department,which were conjointly analyzed with incidences and indexes of grape infected by powdery mildew.【Result】The incidences of powdery mildew of 11 grape varieties were lower in 2017 than those in 2018.The disease indexes of powdery mildew of 9 grape varieties were lower in 2017 than those in 2018.From September 1 to December 31,the amounts of rainfall and rain days were more in 2017 than those in 2018.The days of temperature range from 20.0 to 27.0℃were less in 2017 than those in 2018.In 2017,the total cumulative temperature was slightly higher than that in 2018.There were more sunshine hours in 2017 than those in 2018.In 2017 and 2018,the average daily relative humidity was suitable for the occurrence of powdery mildew.【Conclusion】Less rainfall,rain days,sunshine hours and more days of temperature range from 20.0 to 27.0℃were the main reasons for the more serious occurrence of winter grapevines powdery mildew in 2018 than 2017.