基于InVEST模型的黑水河流域土壤侵蚀评估及威胁分析

Soil Erosion Assessment and Threat Analysis in Heishui River Basin Based on InVEST Model

【目的】本文研究了黑水河流域土壤侵蚀量时空分布特征,揭示不同土地利用类型遭受土壤侵蚀的潜在因素。【方法】运用INVEST模型对黑水河流域土壤侵蚀状况进行模拟,在此基础上对流域土壤侵蚀因素进行权重分析。【结果】(1)黑水河流域轻度侵蚀占47.7%,中度侵蚀占22.3%,强烈侵蚀占15.5%,极强烈侵蚀占9.7%。(2)采石挖沙、水域设施用地、养殖、裸地和建设用地的泥沙平均输出量分别为59.94、54.87、73.88、32.5 t/hm^(2),是土壤流失的高危险区域,而林地、耕地、梯田泥沙侵蚀量相对较低。(3)黑水河流域土壤侵蚀时空分布差异性大,土壤侵蚀强度与土地利用开发强度及坡度密切相关。【结论】研究成果为黑水河流域进一步水土流失调查、土地利用结构调整、水库管理、水土流失防治措施的制定等提供了科学依据。

【Objective】This paper aimed to study on the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of soil erosion in Heishui river basin and reveal the potential factors of soil erosion in different land use types.【Method】INVEST model was used to simulate soil erosion in Heishui river basin,on this basis,the factors causing soil erosion in the basin were analyzed by weight.【Result】(i)Slight erosion accounted for 47.7%,moderate erosion for 22.3%,strong erosion for 15.5%and extremely strong erosion for 9.7%;(ii)The average sediment output of quarrying and dredging,water facilities land,aquaculture,bare land and construction land were 59.94,54.87,73.88 and 32.5 t/hm^(2),respectively,which were high risk areas for soil loss,while the sediment erosion of forest land,cultivated land and terraced fields was relatively low.(iii)The spatial and temporal distribution of soil erosion in the Heishui river basin was quite different.The intensity of soil erosion was closely related to the intensity of land use and development and the slope.【Conclusion】The results provided a reference for further soil erosion investigation,adjustment of land use structure,reservoir management,formulation of soil erosion prevention measures,etc.