硒肥不同喷施时期和种类对玉米产量、品质及硒和重金属含量的影响

Effects of Different Selenium Fertilizer and Spraying Time on Yield,Quality,Selenium and Heavy Metal Content of Maize

【目的】探究外源硒对河玉397籽粒产量和品质及硒、镉和砷含量的影响,为筛选适宜生产富硒玉米的外源硒肥种类及其使用方法提供参考依据。【方法】采用二因素裂区设计开展河玉397喷施硒肥试验,A因素(主处理)为硒肥喷施期,分别设A1(拔节期)、A2(大喇叭口期)和A3(抽雄期)3个主处理,B因素(副处理)为硒肥种类及清水对照(CK),分别设B1(锌硒葆)、B2(亚硒酸钠)、B3(硒硅肥1号)、B4(硒硅肥2号)、B5(硒硅肥3号)和B6(CK)6个副处理,共18个处理。各处理玉米成熟采收后进行产量及果穗农艺性状考查,测定、分析其籽粒的粗蛋白、脂肪、淀粉、硒、砷和镉含量。【结果】A2B1处理河玉397的行粒数和百粒重均较CK显著(P<0.05,下同)或极显著(P<0.01,下同)提高;A1B2和A2B1处理河玉397的籽粒产量分别极显著和显著高于CK8.3%和6.6%。除A3B4处理河玉397籽粒的淀粉含量显著低于CK外,其他处理对其品质均无负面影响。在河玉397大喇叭口期或抽雄期喷施不同硒肥的富硒效果均达极显著水平,尤其以喷施锌硒葆和硒硅肥2号对提高其籽粒硒含量的效果较佳;在拔节期和大喇叭口期喷施硒硅肥2号、在大喇叭口期喷施硒硅肥3号均可极显著降低河玉397籽粒的镉含量,在大喇叭口期喷施硒硅肥1号可显著降低河玉397的籽粒镉含量;喷施硒硅肥2号对玉米籽粒砷含量的降低作用明显。玉米籽粒镉和砷含量与硒含量的相关性极强,拟合曲线方程分别为y=0.0687+0.0592sin[π(x+0.8697)/0.8299],R_((Cd))^(2)=0.9177和y=0.4019+0.3004sin[π(x-0.2375)/0.1997],R_((As))^(2)=0.8851。【结论】在河玉397大喇叭口期或抽雄期喷施锌硒葆或硒硅肥2号可显著或极显著提高其籽粒硒含量,在拔节期和大喇叭口期喷施锌硒葆可显著或极显著提高其籽粒产量;在拔节期和大喇叭口期喷施硒硅肥2号具有降低玉米籽粒镉和砷含量的作用。

【Objective】The present paper aimed to explore the effects of exogenous selenium on the grain yield and quality of Heyu 397 and the contents of selenium,cadmium and arsenic,and to provide a reference for screening the types of exogenous selenium fertilizers suitable for the production of selenium-enriched corn and their use methods.【Method】A two-factor split area design was used to carry out the experiment of spraying selenium fertilizer on Heyu 397.The A factor(main treatment)was the selenium fertilizer spraying period,and A1(jointing period),A2(large bell mouth period)and A3(tasseling period)3 main treatments,factor B(secondary treatment)is selenium fertilizer type and water control(CK),respectively set B1(zinc-selenium),B2(sodium selenite),and B3(selenium-silica fertilizer No.1),B4(selenium and silicon fertilizer No.2),B5(selenium and silicon fertilizer No.3)and B6(CK)6 sub-treatments,a total of 18 treatments.The yield and agronomic traits of ears of corn in each treatment were examined after mature harvest,and the content of crude protein,fat,starch,selenium,arsenic and cadmium in the grains was determined and analyzed.【Result】The number of rows and 100-grain weight of Heyu 397 treated withA2B1 were significantly(P<0.05,the same as below)or extremely significantly(P<0.01,the same as below)increased compared with CK.The grain yields of Heyu 397 treated with A1B2 and A2B1 were extremely significant and significantly higher than CK by 8.3%and 6.6%,respectively.Except that the starch content of Heyu 397 grains treated with A3B4 was significantly lower than that of CK,other treatments had no negative effects on its quality.The effects of spraying different selenium fertilizers in Heyu 397 big bell mouth stage or tasseling stage reached a very significant level,especially spraying Zinc Sebala and selenium-silicon fertilizer No.2 to increase the selenium content of its grains.Spraying selenium-silicon fertilizer No.2 in the jointing stage and the big bell mouth period,and spraying selenium-silicon fertilizer No.3 in the big bell mouth stage can significantly reduce the cadmium content of Heyu 397 grains,and spraying selenium-silicon fertilizer No.1 in the big bell mouth stage can significantly reduce the cadmium content in the grains of Heyu 397.The spraying of selenium and silicon fertilizer 2 can reduce the arsenic content in corn grains.The content of cadmium and arsenic in corn kernels has a strong correlation with the content of selenium.The fitting curve equations arey=0.0687+0.0592sin[π(x+0.8697)/0.8297],R_((Cd))^(2)=0.9177 andy=0.4019+0.3004sin[π(x-0.2375)/0.1997],R_((As))^(2)=0.8851.【Conclusion】Spraying Zinc Sebala and selenium-silicon fertilizer No.2 in the big bell mouth stage or tasseling stage of Heyu 397 can significantly or extremely significantly increase the selenium content of its grains,and spraying Zinc Sebala in the jointing stage and big bell mouth stage can significantly or extremely significantly increase the grain yield of Heyu 397.Spraying selenium-silicon fertilizer No.2 in the jointing stage and the bell-mouth stage can reduce the content of cadmium and arsenic in corn grains.