微气候因子对极端干旱区葡萄果实品质的响应关系

Response of Microclimate Factors to Grape Fruit Quality in Extreme Arid Regions

【目的】研究弥雾调控技术下微气候变化对葡萄果实品质的影响,确定优质高产的弥雾调控方式,为促进葡萄节水提质提供理论基础和数据支撑。【方法】在常规滴灌的基础上通过与微喷叠加,组成微喷弥雾调控灌水技术处理,监测各微喷弥雾调控处理下葡萄园温度、湿度、果实品质等指标变化,分析弥雾调控下微气候因子与葡萄果实品质的响应关系。【结果】采用弥雾调控可有效降低葡萄园温度和增加湿度,与CK处理相比,弥雾调控下葡萄园白天平均温度低2.9~3.3℃,夜晚平均湿度高4.7%~5.5%。在葡萄果实品质表现上,WP1、WP2、WP3和CK处理可溶性固形物含量分别为20.2%、21.5%、21%和19.1%,总糖含量分别为18.26%、19.1%、18.33%和17.51%,总酸含量分别为4.1、4.0、4.4和6.4 g/L,Vc含量分别为2.51、2.83、2.77、2.11μg/g,同时,果粒重分别比CK处理高0.22、0.26、0.25 g。【结论】在葡萄果实生长发育过程中,晚上平均湿度是影响最大的关键微气候因子,在葡萄果实生长关键期采用架下弥雾调控技术,每天喷水1 h,当夜晚平均湿度值为46.2%~51.1%时,有利于提高葡萄果实品质,并可以用晚上平均湿度对该地区葡萄果实生长和品质变化进行分析和预测。

【Objective】The study aimed to study the effect of Microclimate Change on grape fruit quality under fog control technology,and determine the high-quality and high-yield fog control technology mode,so as to provide theoretical basis and data support for promoting water-saving and quality improvement of grape.【Method】On the basis of conventional drip irrigation,micro spray mist control irrigation technology was formed by superposition with micro spray.The response relationship between microclimate factors and grape fruit quality was clarified by monitoring the changes of temperature,humidity,fruit quality and other indicators under the control of micro spray mist.【Result】Compared with CK treatment,the average temperature in daytime was 2.9-3.3℃,the average temperature was 2.5-2.9℃lower,and the average humidity was 4.7%-5.5%higher at night.On the performance of grape fruit quality,the soluble solid content of WP1,WP2,WP3 and CK were 20.2%,21.5%,21%and 19.1%,the total sugar content was 18.26%,19.1%,18.33%and 17.51%,the total acid content was 4.1,4.0,4.4 and 6.4 g/L,and Vc content was 2.51,2.83,2.77 and 2.11μg/g,respectively.At the same time,the fruit weight was 0.22,0.26 and 0.25 g higher than that of CK treatment.【Conclusion】In the process of grape fruit growth and development,the average humidity at night is the most important micro climate factor.In the key period of grape fruit growth,the technology of mist control under the frame was used,spraying water for 1 hour every day.When the average humidity at night was 46.2%-51.1%,it was beneficial to improve the quality of grape fruit,and the average humidity at night could affect the growth and quality of grape fruit in this area to analyze and forecast.