从解决温饱到全面小康:满足人民消费需要的体制机制变迁

From Poverty to An Overall Well-off Society:Institutional Changes to Meet People’s Consumption Needs in China

居民消费体制机制是满足人民美好生活需要,推动国内市场循环的重要制度基础。文章从全面建成小康社会背景出发,以不断满足人民日益增长的物质文化需要和美好生活需要为主线,梳理新中国成立以来居民消费体制机制的变迁。我国满足人民消费需要的体制机制经历了改革开放前的探索阶段,以及改革开放后的恢复、起步、发展和深化阶段。始终坚持发展为了人民,适时调整国家、集体与个人的利益关系,用改革推动发展,将自上而下变革与自下而上变革相结合,走符合国情的消费之路,是我国居民消费体制机制变迁的重要经验。面对消费领域发展不平衡、不充分的问题,构建国内国际双循环发展格局,仍需要通过制度供给侧改革增强内需在新发展格局中的战略基点作用。

The household consumption system and mechanism are of great significance to meet the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life and promote the circulation of the domestic market.Based on the background of the final stage of our quest for a society of initial prosperity in all respects,this article sorts out the changes in systems and mechanisms to meet the people’s consumption needs since the founding of the People’s Republic of China.Summarizing the 70-year history of changes,the institutional mechanisms have gone through the exploration stage before reform and opening up,and the initial,construction,development and deepening stages after reform and opening up.Development is for the people,timely adjust the interest relationship between the country,the collective and the individual,use reforms to promote development and move towards perfection in the development,combine mandatory and inducible changes,and take the road of consumption in line with China’s national conditions,are the experiences of China’s household consumption system and mechanism changes.In the new era,it is still necessary to solve the factors that hinder residents’consumption through supply-side innovation of the consumption system.