陕西地区4622例儿童变态反应性疾病过敏原分析

Allergen Analysis of 4622 Children with Allergic Diseases in Shaanxi Province

目的了解陕西地区变态反应性疾病儿童的过敏原分布情况。方法选取2015年3月–2019年2月就诊于西京医院儿科哮喘中心诊断变态反应性疾病的4622例患儿为研究对象,采用酶联免疫吸附法进行19种常见过敏原血清特异性IgE(allergen-specific immunoglobulin E,sIgE)的检测。根据性别、年龄、地区将其分组,比较过敏原在不同组间的分布特点。结果4622例儿童对19种过敏原的总体阳性率为62.8%,按高低排序依次为牛奶24.2%、霉菌组合18.0%、狗毛皮屑16.7%、户尘螨16.4%、猫毛皮屑11.7%、腰果10.7%、草类组合10.6%、鸡蛋白8.8%、屋尘7.8%、树类组合7.7%、苋5.6%、桑树4.9%、芒果3.6%、牛肉3.2%、蟑螂2.8%、蟹2.1%、虾1.5%、菠萝0.8%、贝0.3%。按性别分析,男性患儿过敏原阳性率比女性患儿高。按年龄分析,大致呈现随年龄增长吸入性过敏原阳性率上升、食入性过敏原阳性率下降的趋势。按地区分析,陕南地区就诊患儿户尘螨阳性率、陕北地区就诊患儿草类组合阳性率、关中地区就诊患儿牛奶、鸡蛋白阳性率高于其他地区。按聚类及相关性分析大致可将19种过敏原分为4类,其中树木组合、桑树与苋之间存在中度相关性;芒果与桑树、苋之间存在中度相关性;虾与蟹之间存在中度相关性,其余大多过敏原之间存在轻度或微弱相关性。结论就诊于西京医院儿科哮喘中心的陕西地区4622例变态反应性疾病儿童中,男性患儿对过敏原敏感性更高。随年龄增长,大致呈现吸入性过敏原阳性率上升、食入性过敏原阳性率下降的趋势。过敏原分布存在地区差异。部分过敏原之间存在相关性,可能与交叉反应有关。

Objective To study the distributional characteristics of allergens in children with allergic diseases in Shaanxi province.Methods A total of 4622 children diagnosed with allergic diseases in the Asthma Center,Department of Pediatrics,Xijing Hospital from March 2015 to February 2019 were selected.Serum allergen-specific immunoglobulin E(sIgE)of 19 common kinds of allergens were examined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The children were divided into different groups according to sex,age and geographical regions,and the distributional characteristics of allergens of the different groups were compared.Results The overall positive rate for the 19 allergens of the 4622 children was 62.8%.The ranking of the positive rates for individual allergens from high to low were as follows:24.2%for milk,18.0%for mold mix,16.7%for dog dander,16.4%for house dust mite,11.7%for cat dander,10.7%for cashew,10.6%for weed pollen,8.8%for egg white,7.8%for house dust,7.7%for tree pollen,5.6%for amaranth,4.9%for mulberry tree,3.6%for mango,3.2%for beef,2.8%for cockroach,2.1%for crab,1.5%for shrimp,0.8%for pineapple,and 0.3%for shellfish.Analysis based on sex showed that the allergen positive rates in boys were higher than those in girls.Analysis by age difference showed that generally the positive rates for inhaled allergens increased along with the increase in patient age,while the positive rates for ingested allergens decreased along with the increase in patient age.Analysis by geographical regions showed that the positive rate of house dust mite in the patients from the southern part of Shaanxi,the positive rate of weed pollen in the patients from the northern part of Shaanxi and the positive rates of milk and egg white in the patients from the central part of Shaanxi were higher than those in other areas.The cluster analysis and correlation analysis showed that the 19 allergens could be roughly divided into 4 categories.There were moderate correlations among tree pollen,mulberry tree and amaranth.There were moderate correlations among mulberry tree,mango and amaranth.There was moderate correlation between shrimp and crab,and there were mild or weak correlations among most of the other allergens.Conclusion Among the 4622 children with allergic diseases in Shaanxi Province who were treated in the Asthma Center,Department of Pediatrics,Xijing Hospital,male patients showed higher sensitivity to allergens.The positive rates of inhaled allergens increased,while the positive rates of ingested allergens decreased with increase in patient age.There were regional differences in the distribution of allergens.Some allergens were correlated with each other,which may be related to cross-reaction.