拔尖创新人才培养的现实透视与多学科审思--基于36所“强基计划”试点高校的分析

Realistic Perspective and Multidisciplinary Reflection on the Cultivation of Top-notch Innovative Talents:Analysis Based on 36 Pilot Universities of the"Strengthening Basic Disciplines Plan"

自提出"钱学森之问"起,教育界就施策予以回应,2009年的"拔尖计划1.0"就是其中一项重要举措。2020年,教育部在36所高校试点实施"强基计划",使"拔尖计划"再上新台阶。"拔尖计划"为社会培养了大批栋梁之才,推动了国家创新进步。对于拔尖创新人才,我们不仅要观得全景,更应理性审思。为了全面透视"强基计划",本文运用多学科研究方法,关注"人才培养入口--过程培养与管理--人才培养出口"整个过程,从社会学、哲学、管理学、经济学视角思考拔尖创新人才培养,提出分类培养"科学家"与"行业家",寻求教育公平与效率间的平衡,推进通识教育与专业教育有效融合,优化人才管理等建议,以期对拔尖创新人才培养的未来发展有所裨益。

Since the"Qian Xuesen’s question"was put forward,the education sector has responded to the implementation of policies,and the"Training Plan 1.0 of National Basic Subjects Top-notch Innovative Talents"in 2009 is one of the important measures.In 2020,the ministry of education will pilot implement the"Strengthening Basic Disciplines Plan"in 36 colleges and universities,bringing the plan to a new level.The topnotch program has cultivated a large number of talents for the society and promoted national innovation and progress.For the cultivation of top-notch innovative talents,we should not only see the panorama,but also think rationally.In order to have a comprehensive perspective on the plan,this paper uses multi-disciplinary research methods,pays attention to the whole process of"talent training entrance—process training and management—talent training export",considers the cultivation of top-notch innovative talents from the perspectives of sociology,philosophy,management and economics,puts forward the classified cultivation of"scientists"and"industrialists",and seeks the balance between educational fairness and efficiency.Suggestions such as promoting the effective integration of general education and professional education and optimizing talent management are expected to be beneficial to the future development of top-notch innovative talent training and serve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.