工夫与成人——试论朱熹格物工夫的可能性及其实践意义

Gongfu and Being Human--on the possibility and practical significance of Zhu Xi's Gewu Gongfu

“工夫”在朱熹哲学中的主要内容和形式是“格物致知”,而“工夫”实践的可能性和有效性则须基于两点:一是对客观世界“万物一体”关系的意识自觉;二是主体自身对心性之“诚”的自觉.前者构成“工夫”的宇宙论基础,后者构成“工夫”的心性论基础.朱熹“格物”工夫的目的是要“穷理”或“明理”,“明理”的实质就是使人心与天理“合一”,“心理合一”就使得原本生物性的人获得其“超越性”的意义,这就是“成人”.

The main content and form of "Gongfu" in Zhu Xi’s philosophy refer to "Ge Wu Zhi Zhi"(to obtain knowledge by investigation of thing), while the possibility and validity of "Gongfu" practice should be based on two points: one is the consciousness of the relation of "all things being one" in the objective world;the other is the subject’s self-consciousness of the sincerity of mind. The former forms the basis of cosmology of "Gongfu", while the latter forms the basis of psychology of "Gongfu". The purpose of Zhu Xi’s "Gongfu" is to "explore the reason" or "clarify the reason", and the essence of "to clarify the reason" is to make people’s mind and nature " become one", and the "unity of mind and nature" makes the original biological people obtain the meaning of "transcendence". This is "Being human".