《西游记》极比句考察

A Study of Extreme Comparative Sentences in Journey to the West

《西游记》共有极比句128例.其中,以“最”“至”“极”“第一”为标记的极比句为肯定极比句;以“莫”“无”为标记的极比句为否定极比句.每类极比句均有若干个结构类型.《西游记》极比句结构中的比较项主要是比较主体,它常常出现,有时可以承前省略;比较主体构成成分分别由NP(名词或名词性短语)、PP(介词短语)、VP(动词或动词性短语)、AP(形容词或形容词性短语)充当;其语义类型可分为表施事、表受事、表当事、表方式、表方所、表结果等.《西游记》极比句的比较点构成成分由NP、VP、AP充当,语义类型可分为表动作行为、表外部特征、表品质特征、表当事等;比较结果构成成分分别由AP、NP、VP、比较词、NO.1(第一)充当,语义类型可分为表比较主体的形状程度及范围、表比较主体实施某种动作行为的原因等.《西游记》极比句与先秦极比句相比较,同中有异,说明有继承也有发展.

There are 128 cases of extreme comparative sentences in Journey to the West. Among them, the extreme comparative sentences marked with "最""至""极""第一" respectively are affirmative extreme comparative sentences;The extreme comparative sentences marked with "莫""无" respectively are negative extreme comparative sentences. Each type of extreme comparative sentences has several types of structure. The comparative item in the structure of the extreme comparative sentence in Journey to the West is mainly the comparative subject, which often appears and sometimes can be omitted according to the preceding. NP(noun or nominal phrase), PP(prepositional phrase), VP(verb or verbal phrase) and AP(adjective or adjective phrase) are the main components of the comparative subject, whose semantic types can be divided into the expression of doer of the action in a sentence, object of the action in a sentence, neutral subject(object) in a sentence, method, space and location, results, etc. NP, VP and AP are the components of the comparative point of the extreme comparative sentence, whose semantic types can be divided into the expressions of action behavior, external characteristics, quality characteristics, neutral subject(object) in a sentence, and etc. The components of the comparison results of the extreme comparative sentences in Journey to the West are composed of AP, NP, VP, comparative word and No.1, and its semantic types can be divided into the expression of the shape degree and scope of the comparison subject, and the reasons for the comparative subject to implement certain actions. When comparing the extreme comparative sentences in Journey to the West with those in the Pre-Qin period, there are not only similarities but also differences, which indicates both inheritance and development between these 2 periods.