茶树品种峨眉问春和川茶2号新梢主要生化成分分析

Analysis of main biochemical components in new shoots of tea cultivars Emeiwenchun and Chuancha No.2

为了解峨眉问春和川茶2号在四川茶区的产量及鲜叶品质,以福鼎大白茶为对照,对翠屏、沐川、名山茶区的峨眉问春和川茶2号的芽叶性状和主要生化成分进行测定。结果表明:三地的峨眉问春芽叶较长较重,发芽密度与对照相当;其春、夏梢的茶多酚、儿茶素和咖啡碱含量均显著(P<0.05)高于对照,游离氨基酸总量均显著(P<0.05)低于对照。川茶2号芽叶较重实,发芽密度显著(P<0.05)高于对照;其春、夏梢的水浸出物含量和游离氨基酸总量均显著(P<0.05)高于对照,茶多酚、儿茶素含量及酚氨比均显著(P<0.05)低于对照;其春梢的茶氨酸、鲜爽味氨基酸含量及儿茶素品质指数均显著(P<0.05)高于对照,儿茶素苦涩味指数均显著(P<0.05)低于对照。峨眉问春和川茶2号在三地均表现出高产潜力及较好的适应性。川茶2号具有鲜爽、苦涩味轻的生化物质基础,可开发高档名优绿茶,可在四川全省茶区推广。峨眉问春鲜叶品质不及对照,可在川南早茶产区进行适度推广。

In order to understand the yield and fresh leaf quality of Emeiwenchun and Chuancha No.2 in Sichuan tea area,the bud and leaf characters and main biochemical components of Emeiwenchun and Chuancha No.2 from Cuiping,Muchuan and Mingshan tea areas were determined with Fudingdabaicha as the control.The results showed that the buds and leaves of Emeiwenchun were longer and heavier,and the germination density was similar to that of the control;the contents of tea polyphenols,catechins and caffeine in spring and summer shoots were significantly(P<0.05)higher than those in the control,and the total free amino acids were significantly(P<0.05)lower than that of the control.The buds and leaves of Chuancha No.2 were more dense,and the germination density was significantly(P<0.05)higher than that of the control;the water extract content and total free amino acid content of spring and summer shoots were significantly(P<0.05)higher than those of the control,the contents of tea polyphenols,catechins and phenol ammonia ratio were significantly(P<0.05)lower than those of the control;the contents of theanine,fresh taste amino acid and catechin quality index of its spring shoots were significantly(P<0.05)higher than those of the control,and the bitter and astringent taste index of catechins were significantly(P<0.05)lower than the control.Emeiwenchun and Chuancha No.2 showed high yield potential and good adaptability in three areas.Chuancha No.2 has the biochemical material basis of fresh,bitter and astringent taste,which can be developed into high-grade famous green tea and can be popularized in tea areas of the whole Sichuan Province.The quality of fresh leaves of Emeiwenchun was not as good as that of the control,so it could be moderately popularized in the early tea producing areas in South Sichuan.