改革开放以来我国农村土地制度的变迁与启示

The Changes and Revelation of the Rural Land System in China since the Adoption of Reform and Opening-up Policy

解决“三农”问题的关键是激活农民的承包土地。土地作为我国农村最基本也最复杂的生产资料,在农村的显性表现为土地制度的不断变迁。自改革开放以来,为提升农民的生产积极性,保障农民最大化收益,确立了以家庭联产承包责任制为核心的土地制度。纵观土地制度的发展阶段,不够明晰的土地产权界定、分散经营的承包权和土地征收中合理性的缺失成为制约农业现代化发展的重要因素。只有明确土地所有权主体,建立健全社会保障体系,提高土地流转性,在尊重农民权益的基础上,适度规模经营,加强依法治农力度,才能早日实现我国的农业农村现代化。

The key to solving“the issues of Agriculture,Rural Areas and Farmers”is to activate the land contract system.As the most basic and complex means of production in rural China,the explicit expression of land in rural areas is the constant change of rural land system.Since the reform and opening up,the household contract responsibility system has been established in order to enhance farmers'enthusiasm for production and ensure farmers'maximum income.Throughout the development stage of the land system,the unclear definition of land property rights,the contract right of decentralized management and the lack of rationality in land expropriation have become the important factors restricting the development of agricultural modernization.China's agricultural and rural modernization can be realized by clarifying the subject of land ownership,establishing and perfecting the social security system,improving the circulation of land,respecting the rights and interests of farmers,managing agriculture on an appropriate scale,and strengthening the efforts of governing agriculture according to law.