静电除尘效率的影响因素研究

Study on the Influence Factors of Efficiency of Electrostatic Precipitation

通过试验研究了影响静电除尘器捕集效率的因素,分析了微粒粒径、电场强度、气流流速、电离电压、电离电极洁净程度对捕集效率的影响规律。结果表明,静电除尘器中的微粒捕集效率随粒径的增大而提高;同样的带电微粒,随电场强度增大,其捕集效率增加;随着气流速度加大,捕集效率变小;随电离电压增大,微粒所带电荷增加,捕集效率亦增大;气流通过电离区时,会有极少的微粒被捕集到电离电极表面,微粒自身有一定的电阻率,导致放电电流下降,大多数微粒荷电减少,除尘器捕集效率降低。采用Deutsch模型估算试验中带电微粒的迁移速度,大约在几厘米每秒到20 cm/s。

The factors influencing the collection efficiency of electrostatic precipitator is studied by test and the influence laws of particle size,electric field strength,airflow velocity,ionization voltage and the cleanliness of ionization electrode on the collection efficiency are analyzed. The results show that the collection efficiency of particles in electrostatic precipitator improves with the increase of particle size. For the same charged particles,its collection efficiency also increases with the increase of the electric field strength and the collection efficiency decreases with the increase of the air flow velocity. As the ionization voltage increases,the collection efficiency also increases with the increase of the charge of the particles. In the case of the airflow passing through ionization zone,very few particles will be collected onto the surface of the ionization electrode. The particle itself has some resistivity,causing reduction of discharge current,reduction of charge of the most particles and reduction of collection efficiency of the dust collector. The migration velocity of the charged particles in the test,which is estimated by Deutsch model,is from several cm/s to 20 cm/s.