中国实现碳中和的支撑技术与路径

Supportive Technologies and Roadmap for China’s Carbon Neutrality

碳中和愿景是中国具有里程碑意义的气候雄心目标,也是推动中国从工业文明迈向生态文明的重大举措。碳中和的实现需要深刻的技术体系和社会经济系统变革,主要涉及零碳电力系统、低碳甚至零碳终端用能技术和负排放技术。碳中和目标的达成也依赖于各个部门的路径选择,特别是碳排放量大且脱碳难度高的电力、工业、交通、建筑四大部门。同时,碳中和目标将对中国的经济产业体系、资源产业布局、技术创新体系、整体生态环境等方面产生深远的影响。因此,未来面向碳中和的政策体系需要充分考虑环境、技术、经济和社会影响,明确碳达峰与碳中和的关系,识别真正气候友好的清洁技术创新,将碳中和纳入生态文明建设的整体布局之中。

The vision of carbon neutrality is a climate ambition of milestone significance for China and a key step for China’s transition from industrial civilization to ecological civilization.The realization of carbon neutrality requires profound changes in China’s technological and socioeconomic systems involving zero-carbon electric power,lowcarbon and zero-carbon end-use energy consumption,and negative emission technologies.Achievement of carbon neutrality is subject to the choice of pathways for various sectors,especially the electric power,industrial,transportation and construction sectors with significant carbon emissions and decarbonization difficulties.The goal of carbon neutrality will influence China’s economic and industry systems,resource and industrial layout,technological innovation and ecological environment in profound ways.Hence,China’s future policymaking on carbon neutrality needs to consider environmental,technological,economic and social impacts,establish a correlation between carbon peak and carbon neutrality,identify climate-friendly clean technology innovations in real earnest,and put carbon neutrality into the overall plan for ecological civilization.